将贫困问题纳入反歧视法的路径及其促进性别平等的意义

Approaches of Integrating Poverty into Anti-Discrimination Law and Their Positive Implications on Gender Equality

贫困与性别、残障、年龄等因素共同作用,使女性处于不利地位。但鉴于贫困涉及再分配问题,且有别于传统的歧视事由,其是否能被纳入反歧视法颇受争议。现有实践主要分为两种纳入路径,第一种是将贫困作为一项歧视事由,第二种则是作为综合考量中的一个情境因素。相较而言,后者虽然回避了歧视事由的问题,但更有助于全面分析女性面临的交叉歧视,对中国进一步加强贫困妇女的权益保障、改善此群体的不利地位具有现实意义。将贫困问题纳入反歧视法反映了通过法律干预和调整社会经济不平等的需求,有利于推动对贫困女性特殊困境的识别和解决,并促进实质性性别平等。

Poverty,together with sex,disability,age and other elements,puts women at a disadvantage.Since poverty touches upon the question of redistribution and is different from common grounds for discrimination,whether it should be integrated in anti-discrimination law raises controversy.Limited jurisprudence has provided two possible approaches.The first approach is to recognize poverty as a ground of discrimination,while the second is to addresses poverty through a contextual approach.Comparatively speaking,though the second approach avoids the question of protected grounds,it can provide a better analysis on the intersectional discrimination faced by women.It is of practical significance to China’s strengthened protection of rights and interests of women in poverty and improvement of their disadvantaged position.Integrating poverty in anti-discrimination law shows needs for legal intervention and adjustment of socioeconomic inequalities,it can better identify and solve the special difficulties faced by women in poverty and promote substantive gender equality.