活性污泥法降解石油化工废水的微生物群落研究进展

Research progress of microbial community in the degradation of petrochemical wastewater by activated sludge process

石油化工废水毒性强、污染物种类复杂繁多且废水排放量大,活性污泥法是处理石油化工废水的常用手段,其中微生物群落在降解污染物过程中发挥重要的作用。综述了石油化工废水中特征污染物以及不同类型石油化工废水处理的优势菌,讨论了功能微生物对石油化工废水中特征污染物的降解途径和作用机理,总结了分子生物技术在活性污泥功能微生物鉴定中的应用,在此基础上,从培育新型微生物群落、降解超标污染物以及调控毒性对微生物的影响等方向提出了未来研究的展望,为优化石油化工废水活性污泥工艺条件及运行参数提供参考。

Petrochemical wastewater has the characteristic of high toxicity,complex pollutant type and large emission quantity.The activated sludge method is a common method for the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.Microbial communities in activated sludge play an important role in degradation of pollutants.This paper summarized the typical pollutants in petrochemical wastewater and dominant bacteria for different types of petrochemical wastewater treatment.The pathway and mechanism of typical pollutants degradation by functional microorganisms were discussed,and the application of molecular biotechnology in identification of functional microorganisms in activated sludge was also summarized.On this basis,prospects for furture research direction were proposed from cultivating new microbial community,degrading excessive pollutants and controlling toxicity influence on microorganisms.These findings intended to provide a reference for optimizing the activated sludge process conditions and operating parameters for petrochemical wastewater.