中国农田土壤重金属污染源解析研究进展

Source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil in China:a review

为明确中国农田土壤重金属的污染来源,收集了近10年(2012—2021年)的相关文献,探讨了重金属污染源解析技术的应用情况,分析了中国农田土壤重金属的来源特征。结果表明,受体模型法是应用较多的源解析技术,其中正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型应用最广。中国农田土壤重金属的主要人为源是工业、矿业和农业活动。砷(As)和镉(Cd)受3种人为源的综合影响,汞(Hg)主要来自大气沉降,铅(Pb)主要来自矿业和交通活动,锌(Zn)主要来自矿业和农业活动,铜(Cu)主要来自自然源和农业活动,铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)主要与自然源有关。此外,不同功能区农田土壤重金属的来源与区域内主要生产活动密切相关。未来需要进一步加强源解析新技术的研究与应用,实现对农田土壤重金属来源的精准解析。

In order to clarify the current status of sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in China,relevant literature from 2012 to 2021 was reviewed to analyze source characteristics of heavy metals by comparing different source apportionment technologies.The results showed that the receptor model was widely used,among which the positive matrix factorization(PMF)was the most widely applied.Industrial,mining and agricultural activities were the main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in China,among which arsenic(As)and cadmium(Cd)were affected by three sources,mercury(Hg)was mainly from atmospheric deposition,lead(Pb)was mainly from mining and transportation activities,zinc(Zn)was mainly from mining and agricultural activities,copper(Cu)was mainly from natural sources and agricultural activities,chromium(Cr)and nickel(Ni)were strongly related to natural sources.In addition,the sources of heavy metals were strongly related to the main activities conducted in a specific region.In the future,it was necessary to strengthen the research and application of new source apportionment technologies to achieve precise analysis of heavy metal sources in agricultural soil.