论环境禁令的制度定位:从依附到独立

Study on the institutional positioning of environmental injunction:from dependence to independence

环境禁令无疑是环境诉讼领域特别关注的热点、重点。由于中国将环境禁令置于行为保全的制度框架之内,使得中国环境禁令具有了不同于国外禁令制度的特殊构造——依附性制度定位。环境禁令与行为保全在目的、性质、适用逻辑、法律效力上均有所不同,以往研究往往忽略这点,致使在进行环境禁令立法设计时出现偏差,从而导致当下环境禁令面临严重的司法困境。从环境禁令与行为保全的差异性以及环境司法的现实需求观之,环境禁令的制度定位由依附转变为独立极具必要性。通过明确环境禁令的实体法依据、设立环境禁令程序、肯定环境禁令的独立性制度定位,形成“环境禁令、行为保全”并列的生态环境保护领域预防性救济措施体系。

Environmental injunction is undoubtedly a hot and key area of special concern in the field of environmental litigation.Because China placed the environmental injunction within the institutional framework of behavior preservation,China’s environmental injunction had a special structure-dependent institutional positioning,which was different from foreign injunction systems.Environmental injunction and behavior preservation were different in purpose,nature,applicable logic and legal effect,which were often ignored in previous studies,resulting in deviations in the legislative design of environmental injunction,leading to serious judicial difficulties in the current environmental injunction.From the perspective of the differences between environmental injunction and behavior preservation and the practical needs of environmental justice,it was necessary to change the institutional positioning of environmental injunction from dependence to independence.By clarifying the substantive law basis of environmental injunction,establishing environmental injunction procedures,and affirming the independent institutional positioning of environmental injunction,a system of preventive relief measures in the field of ecological environment protection with“environmental injunction,behavior preservation”coexistence was formed.