我国煤矿智能绿色开采技术现状与展望

Current situation and prospect of intelligent green mining technology in coal mines in China

智能绿色开采是推进煤炭生产方式和发展模式深层次变革的重要方式,在安全高效开采基础上避免或减轻采动损害,依靠智能化开采技术优化开采工艺,促进资源开采与生态环境保护协调发展,实现煤矿生产过程控制、设备健康管理、安全风险防控、生态环保等的最优化管控,以及煤炭规模开采的高利用、高安全、低排放和生态系统原态的高保真度。从广义资源和生态环境角度并结合智能化开采技术,论述智能绿色开采的内涵,提出了智能绿色开采技术总体架构,包括智能充填开采、瓦斯智能抽采、灾害智能预警、煤-岩-水-环智能一体化等绿色开采技术;其次从综采全过程少人或无人化角度,系统总结综采工作面的透明工作面创建、煤岩界面识别、智能控制、设备定位定姿、煤矿机器人、无线通信、大数据分析处理7个智能化技术以及掘进机自主定位导航、位姿检测、自适应截割等技术的研究现状。阐述煤矿智能绿色开采技术研究进展,为全面深入了解煤矿智能绿色开采技术的发展现状提供参考。

Intelligent coal mining is an important way to promote the coal production mode and the deep reform of development mode.It can avoid or reduce mining-induced damage on the basis of safe and efficient mining,optimize the mining process and promote the coordinated development of resources exploitation and ecological environment protection by relying on intelligent mining technology.It can ultimately realize optimal control of coal mine production process,equipment health management,safety risk prevention and control,ecological environmental protection,as well as the high utilization,high safety,low emission and ecosystem original state high fidelity of scale mining.From the perspective of broad resources and ecological environment,combined with intelligent mining technology,the connotation of intelligent green mining was discussed,and the overall framework of intelligent green mining technology was proposed,including intelligent backfilling mining,intelligent gas extraction,intelligent disaster early warning,coal-rock-ground environment intelligent integration and other green mining technologies.From a standpoint of fewer people or unmanned in the fully mechanized mining process,the intelligent technology of fully mechanized mining face was systematically summarized,including transparent mining face establishment,coal-rock interface identification,intelligent control,equipment positioning and attitude determination,coal mine robot,wireless communication,big data analysis and processing,and the research status of intelligent technology of roadheader was concluded,such as autonomous positioning navigation,pose detection and rectification,and adaptive cutting.The research progress of intelligent green mining technology in coal mines was expounded.This paper could provide a reference for comprehensively in-depth understanding of the current development status of intelligent green mining technology in China.