被害人过错情节法定化的理论证成与实践路径

The Theory and Practice of the Legalization of Crime Victim's Fault Circumstances

被害人过错是司法实践中经常运用的酌定从宽量刑情节,由于缺乏立法的规定,司法机关对于被害人过错情节适用的随意性较大。被害人过错作为法定量刑情节能够为司法机关提供权威、明确的依据,有助于类案类判,促进司法公正。被害人过错情节法定化有理论依据,也有法律和政策上的支持。可以考虑以明示方式在刑法量刑原则中确定被害人过错的地位,通过指导性案例明确其概念和适用条件,在量刑指导意见中确定被害人过错适用的具体幅度。

The victim's fault is often used in the judicial practice of discretionary leniency sentencing circumstances,due to the lack of legislative provisions,the judicial organs to the victim's fault circumstances of the application of the greater arbitrariness.As a statutory sentencing circumstance,the victim's fault can provide authoritative and clear basis for the judicial organs,which is conducive to the judgment of different cases and promote judicial justice.The legalization of the victim's fault circumstances has theoretical basis and legal and policy support.It can be considered to define the status of the victim's fault in the sentencing principle of criminal law in an explicit way,clarify its concept and application conditions through guiding cases,and determine the specific range of the victim's fault application in the sentencing guidance.