影响短距离速度滑冰起跑实效性的关键因素与提升策略

Key Factors and Promotion Strategies Affecting the Starting Effectiveness of Speed Skates

起跑实效性是决定短距离速度滑冰运动员竞赛制胜的重要“法宝”之一。采用文献资料法、访谈法与逻辑分析法等,系统梳理和分析影响起跑实效性的关键因素,探究针对性的提升策略,对“夯实基础、恶补短板”,提升教学与训练质量至关重要。研究认为,影响短距离速度滑冰起跑实效性的关键因素主要有:起跑姿势、起动能力、步幅与步频的最佳匹配、身体结构与功能性力量失衡、平衡控制能力、爆发力水平。提升起跑实效性的策略:塑造个性化起跑姿势,构建有效提升运动员起跑稳定性与起动反应能力的最优化模型;明确动作幅度与运动方向,提升瞬时反应能力,实现高频快速起动;优化起跑前7步速度节奏训练;以综合训练理念促进身体结构与功能性力量的均衡发展;“冰感”提升;基于速度的爆发力训练,提升高强度快速收缩复合训练效果。

Starting effectiveness is one of the main“magic weapons”,and it’s determine the success of elit speed skating short-distance athletes in competition.The article systematic sort and analyze the key factors affecting the starting effectiveness by using the methods of literature,interview and logical analysis,and explore improvement strategies,all of these are very important to“consolidate the foundation,make up for weaknesses”and improve the training quality.The research shows that the key factors that affecting the starting effectiveness mainly include:the rationality and stability of starting posture,starting capacity,the reasonable match between stride length and stride frequency,the imbalance of body structure and functional strength,balance control capability,the level of explosive force,etc;Strategies to improve the effectiveness of starting:Individuation of starting position and build an optimization model to effectively improve athletes’starting stability and starting response ability;Make clear the action amplitude and direction,improve the instantaneous response ability and realize high-frequency start;Optimize the speed and rhythm of 7 steps;Promote the balanced development of body structure and functional strength with the concept of comprehensive training;Skating sensation promotion;Improve the effect of high-intensity and rapid contraction compound training based on Speed explosive training.