兰州市孕中期妇女膳食平衡指数的建立及验证

Establishment and verification of the diet balance index for midgestational women in Lanzhou City

目的建立兰州市孕中期妇女膳食平衡指数(diet balance index,DBI)并加以验证,以期能够快速、准确评价该人群膳食质量。方法依据《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》《中国妇幼人群膳食指南(2016)》,建立孕中期DBI。选取在兰州市妇幼机构常规产检的孕中期妇女为研究对象,评价该人群膳食营养质量,进一步评估建立的孕中期DBI指标体系的信效度。结果孕中期妇女DBI指标体系与中国膳食平衡指数(diet balance index⁃16,DBI⁃16)指标体系基本一致,但基于地域性人群膳食结构特点,在亚组方面新增海藻类蔬菜、加工类蔬菜和动物血/肝脏。膳食能量及营养素摄入与DBI的负端分(low bound score,LBS)、膳食质量距(diet quality distance,DQD)呈负相关,与正端分(high bound score,HBS)呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。推荐食谱的HBS、LBS、DQD评分结果均为较适宜,孕中期膳食质量距均值为34.08,仅0.26%的孕妇膳食摄入较均衡。结论初步建立的兰州市孕中期妇女DBI可快速、准确评价该人群膳食质量。进一步优化后可推广使用。

Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a Dietary Balance Index(DBI)that allows for a swift,precise,and user⁃friendly assessment of dietary quality among second⁃trimester pregnant women in Lanzhou.Methods The DBI for the second⁃trimester was formulated based on the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016)and the Dietary Guidelines for Women and Children in China(2016).The nutritional quality of diets among second⁃trimester women undergoing routine obstetric examinations in Lanzhou Maternal and Child Institutions was evaluated.This served to further assess the reliability and validity of the newly established DBI index system for the second⁃trimester.Results The DBI index system for second⁃trimester women aligns closely with the Diet Balance Index(DBI⁃16)system in China,with the addition of seaweed vegetables,processed vegetables,and animal blood/liver to the subgroup,reflecting the dietary structure characteristics of the regional population.Dietary energy and nutrient intake showed a significant negative correlation with the low bound score(LBS)and diet quality distance(DQD),but a positive correlation with the high bound score(HBS)(all P<0.05).The HBS,LBS,and DQD of the recommended diet were all found to be appropriate.The mean dietary quality distance was calculated to be 34.08,with only 0.26%of pregnant women achieving a balanced dietary intake.Conclusions The initial development of the dietary balance index for second⁃trimester pregnant women in Lanzhou enables a rapid,accurate,and convenient evaluation of dietary quality in this population.Following further optimization,this method has potential for widespread application.