上古汉语中的“终竟”义动词

The Zhongjing(终竟)Meaning Verb in Ancient Chinese

学界对古汉语完成体问题的研究多集中于中古汉语时期,本文将上古汉语中相关动词总结为19个“终竟”义动词,并分为“休止”和“结束”义两类,其中“按/案、艾、辍、弭/弥、寝、阕、迄/讫、舍、咸、息、休、偃、止”13词只有“休止”义项,而“罢、毕、竟、已、卒、终”6词同时还有“结束”义项。在上古汉语阶段,该类动词始终以表示“休止”义为主;表示“结束、完结”义的动词从词目数量到出现频次均有限。本文对上古汉语“终竟”义动词的调查研究,可以填补上古汉语完成体动词研究的空白,并与已有研究成果进行历时比较,厘清此类动词的发展脉络,丰富汉语史研究。

Most of the scholars'research on the problem of the completion of ancient Chinese focuses on the Middle Chinese period.This paper summarizes the relevant verbs in Upper Chinese into 19 verbs with the meaning of“end”,and divides them into two categories:“rest”and“end”,of which the 13 words“按/案、艾、辍、弭/弥、寝、阕、迄/讫、舍、咸、息、休、偃、止”have the only meaning of“rest”,while the6 words“罢,毕,竟,已,卒,终”also have the meaning of“end”.In.the Old Chinese stage,this type of verb always mainly meant“rest”.Verbs that mean“end,finish"have a limited number of words and frequency of occurrence.This paper can fill the gap in the study of verbs in ancient Chinese to complete the verbs,and comparing them with the existed results of the research,to clarify the development context of such verbs and enrich the research on Chinese history.