从“不可无”到“无不可”:平台化风险及其治理——基于行动者网络理论

From“Indispensability”to“Omnipotence”:Platformization Risk and Its Governance Based on the Actor Network Theory

新的风险需要新的治理。当前,随着数字与社会之间的交织愈加紧密,作为数字技术缩影的数字平台开启了平台化,即数字平台通过技术集成与业务拓展逐渐建立以自身为核心的结构。在平台化进程中,数字平台由“不可无”的工具逐渐进阶为“无不可”的行动者,掌握了前所未有的强大能量,也不可避免地增加了诸多风险。从行动者网络理论出发,平台化的本质是建构以数字平台为中心的异质性网络的过程,其风险源头在于数字平台在网络中通过转译获得不可控的权力。针对当下平台化存在的跨部门化、垂直整合和基础设施化三重动态与治理挑战,需要实施多元网络治理,以应对平台化带来的结构转变,规避和降低平台化带来的风险。

New risks require new governance.At present,with the increasingly close interweaving between digit and society,digital platforms,as the epitome of digital technology,have opened up the platformization,that is,digital platforms gradually establish the self-centered structure through technological integration and business expansion.In the process of platformization,digital platforms have gradually advanced from“indispensable”tools to“omnipotent”actors,which have mastered the unprecedented powerful energy and inevitably increased many risks.From the actor network theory,the essence of platformization is the process of constructing a heterogeneous network centered on digital platforms,and its risk source is that digital platforms obtain uncontrollable power through translation in the network.In view of the three dynamic and governance challenges of the current platformization,which are cross-departmental,vertical integration and infrastructure,it is necessary to implement multi-network governance to cope with the structural transformation brought by the platformization,and to avoid and reduce the risks brought by the platformization.