综合交通各种运输方式技术经济特征与比较优势研究

Technical and Economic Characteristics and Comparative Advantages of Various Transportation Modes in Comprehensive Transportation

为支撑国家综合立体交通网规划中各种运输方式合理布局,研究了各种运输方式的技术经济特征与比较优势水平。首先,聚焦成本和效用分析,研究提出了运输方式技术经济特征与比较优势评价指标体系;然后,从费用化比较的角度,甄选指标体系中的代表性指标,构建指标量化模型,提出了指标计算方法。并以长江通道的上海—重庆为例,测算了各种运输方式的经济费用、时间价值、安全成本和绿色费用。测算结果表明了各种运输方式在经济性、时效性(便捷性)、安全性、绿色性等方面的技术经济特征与比较优势量化水平,如在绿色性方面,最具优势的运输方式是管道(货运),其次是铁路、水运、公路,航空的绿色治理费用最高。

To support the rational layout of various transportation modes in the national comprehensive transport network planning,the paper studied the technical and economic characteristics and comparative advantage of various transportation modes.Firstly,focusing on cost and utility analysis,a system of evaluation indicators for the technical and economic characteristics and comparative advantages of transportation modes was studied and proposed.Then,from the perspective of cost comparison,representative indicators in the indicator system were selected,a quantitative model for indicators was constructed,and indicator calculation methods were proposed.Taking the Yangtze River corridor′s Shanghai-Chongqing section as a case study,the economic costs,time value,safety costs,and green costs of various transportation modes were calculated.The calculation results indicate the quantitative level of technical and economic characteristics and comparative advantages of various transportation modes in terms of economy,timeliness(convenience),safety,and greenness.For example,in terms of greenness,the most advantageous transportation mode is pipeline(freight),followed by railway,waterway,and highway,with aviation having the highest cost of green governance.