考虑政府监管的农机装备产学研协同创新演化博弈研究

Evolutionary Game Research on the Collaborative Innovation of Agricultural Machinery Equipment Industry-university-research under Government Regulation

农机装备产学研协同创新是促进农机装备转型升级的重要手段。本文运用三方演化博弈的方法,构建了以农机装备企业、学研方和政府为主体的农机装备产学研协同创新博弈模型,并采用Matlab软件对该模型进行了数值仿真,根据仿真分析结果,对博弈主体的初始意愿、政府监管力度以及协同创新收益分配比例对农机装备产学研协同创新行为的影响进行了讨论。研究结果表明:农机装备企业和学研方受彼此协同创新意愿的影响大于政府引导的作用;政府监管能够有效制约协同创新过程中的投机行为,但政策促进在农机装备产学研协同创新过程中存在滞后性,且政府补贴存在“挤出效应”和“偏离效应”;农机装备企业对于收益分配比例的感知较于学研方更为敏感。

For recent years,in order to implement the Outline of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development,remarkable progress and achievements in scientific and technological innovation of agricultural machinery and equipment have been made in China.In the meantime,the transformation and upgrading of China’s agricultural machinery and equipment industries and their high-quality development have accelerated,giving strong support and guidance to modern agriculture.Besides,China has promoted the formation of an industry-university-research alliance of agricultural machinery equipment through system construction and the introduction of relevant policies.Collaborative innovation of industry,university and research in the field of agricultural machinery equipment is an important means to guide all resources to promote the transformation,popularization and diffusion of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery technology.However,there are obvious shortcomings in the current collaborative innovation mechanism of industry-university-research in the field of agricultural machinery equipment,which exposes problems such as the lack of common basic research on agricultural machinery equipment,the lack of government supervision,and the weak docking of talents for production,education and research of agricultural machinery equipment.How to give full play to the role of policy guidance and provide source power for the independent innovation and upgrading of China’s agricultur al machinery equipment industry system has become an urgent problem to be solved.The research results show that:(1)The process of industry-university-research collaborative innovation of agricultural machinery equipment is a complex system process involving multiple actors such as agricultural machinery equipment enterprises,academic research parties and government departments.The government plays an active role in any stage of collaborative innovation,but the government alone cannot change the direction of system evolution.Agricultural machinery equipment enterprises and academic and research institutions are more influenced by each other’s collaborative innovation willingness than government guidance.(2)Despite the lag of policy promotion in the process of industry-university-research collaborative innovation of agricultural machinery equipment,government regulation can still effectively restrict speculation in the process of collaborative innovation,and agricultural machinery equipment enterprises are more sensitive to subsidy policies than academic and research enterprises.At the same time,government subsidies present“crowding out effect”and“deviation effect”in the process of industry-university-research collaborative innovation of agricultural machinery equipment.(3)Reasonable income ratio of collaborative innovation is conducive to the optimal state of the system,and the perception of income distribution ratio of agricultural machinery equipment enterprises is more sensitive.The lack of expected income and profit will affect the collaborative innovation willingness of agricultural machinery equipment enterprises.When the income distribution ratio is seriously maladjusted,the academic and research side will decisively choose negative behaviors.