电动汽车质保服务与充电设施建设水平对销量影响的有效性研究

Research on the Effectiveness of Electric Vehicle Quality Assurance Service and Charging Facility Construction Level on Sales Volume

通过构建电动汽车和燃油汽车的微分博弈模型,分析电动汽车质保服务与充电设施建设水平对电动汽车销量的影响。研究结果表明:存在质保服务临界点,只有超过临界点情况下,电动汽车厂商才能有效利用增加质保服务投入策略或延长质保期策略促进电动汽车市场销量,并且增加质保服务投入和延长质保期对促进电动汽车市场销量才具有交互正效应;电动汽车厂商无法在较低质保投入水平下通过降低电动汽车故障率实现提高质保服务投入策略有效性,但在质保期内故障次数大于1情况下,可以在较低质保投入水平下通过降低电动汽车故障率实现延长质保期策略有效性;在充电设施建设水平较低时期,电动汽车厂商合作参与充电设施建设比利用质保服务策略能更有效促进电动汽车销量,当充电设施达到一定水平后,再有效利用质保服务策略提高市场销量。

In order to ensure energy security and promote energy conservation and emission reduction,China’s automotive industry is rapidly transitioning to new energy vehicles.Between 2014 and 2019,the production and sales of new energy vehicles achieved rapid growth under a series of government incentives.But since the implementation of the new policy of subsidies for new energy vehicles in June 2019,sales of new energy vehicles have continued to decline,indicating that in the absence of policy subsidies,consumers have shown a clear lack of demand for new energy vehicles.For electric vehicles,due to the imperfect charging facilities and unstable vehicle quality,the sales of electric vehicles are far lower than that of fuel vehicles.To achieve green development in China,it is necessary to vigorously promote electric vehicles or other new energy vehicles.At present,the sales of electric vehicles in the market are mainly driven by policies.To truly achieve market driven growth,it is necessary to increase consumers’willingness to purchase.Both the construction level of charging facilities and the quality of electric vehicle quality assurance service will affect the utility of consumers in using electric vehicles,and then affect consumers’purchase intention and market demand for electric vehicles.And the parallel development of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles until electric vehicles completely replace fuel vehicles is a long process that requires consideration of time continuity.This paper starts with the impact of charging facility construction level and electric vehicle quality assurance service on consumer utility,considers consumer heterogeneity,and constructs a differential game model between electric vehicle manufacturers and fuel vehicle manufacturers to study the effectiveness of the impact of electric vehicle quality assurance service and charging facility construction level on electric vehicle sales under the condition of maximizing profits for electric vehicle manufacturers in a competitive environment.And under the premise of meeting the basic assumptions and implicit conditions,the parameters in the text are assigned for simulation.The results show that electric vehicle manufacturers can effectively use the strategy of increasing the input of quality assurance service or extending the warranty period to promote the sales of electric vehicles only when the critical point of quality assurance service is exceeded,and increasing the input of quality assurance service and extending the warranty period have interactive positive effects on promoting the sales of electric vehicles.Electric vehicle manufacturers cannot improve the effectiveness of quality assurance service input strategy by reducing the failure rate of electric vehicles at a lower quality assurance investment level.However,when the number of failures in the warranty period is greater than 1,they can extend the quality assurance period by reducing the failure rate of electric vehicles at a lower quality assurance service input level.In the period when the construction level of charging facilities is low,electric vehicle manufacturers should cooperate in the construction of charging facilities,which can more effectively promote the sales volume of electric vehicles than the quality assurance service strategy.When the charging facilities reach a certain level,the quality assurance service strategy can be effectively used to increase the market sales volume.The research results have important reference value for improving the competitiveness of electric vehicles and promoting the effective increase of electric vehicle sales volume.The research conclusion can guide electric vehicle manufacturers to more effectively utilize quality assurance service strategies under different charging facility levels to increase sales in the electric vehicle market.