美以成人——康德的审美判断力在价值选择中的运用

Beauty Makes Humanity:The Application of Kant's Aesthetic Power of Judgment in Value Choice

康德的审美判断力理论可用于解决一个康德自己未曾处理过的问题———关于幸福的、非道德的价值选择,这种对幸福理论的重构可以嵌入到康德自身的哲学中去,起到调和、统一道德和幸福的作用。为此,首先考察康德早期智能化幸福的观点以确定在康德伦理学中讨论这一项目的可行性;其次,通过类比静观性的鉴赏判断和实践性的艺术创作,一方面论证先验视角下价值选择的普遍可传达性,另一方面解释经验视角下现实中个体之间的不同选择;最后,将追求智性幸福与履行完善自己的不完全义务联系起来,并由此完成在康德哲学中一种从自然到自由的转变。

In this paper,I use Kant's theory of the aesthetic power of judgment to solve the problem of nonmoral value choice,which Kant himself did not deal with,and prove that my reconstruction can fit into Kant's philosophy and function as a harmonization and unification of morality and happiness.First,I revisit Kant's early view of intellectualized happiness to establish the feasibility of this project in Kant's ethics.Second,by analogy with the contemplative judgment of taste and practical artistic creation,I argue for the universal communicability of pleasure in value choice from the transcendental perspective,on the one hand,and explain the various choices by individuals in reality from the empirical perspective,on the other.Ultimately,I connect the pursuit of intellectual happiness with the fulfillment of the imperfect duty of one's own perfection,through which a transition from nature to freedom can be accomplished in Kant's philosophy.