环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响——基于环境分权和空间溢出视角

Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity——based on the Perspective of Environmental Decentralization and Spatial Spillover

基于我国省级2003—2020年的宏观层面数据,以实施环境规制面临的成本—收益分析和中国式环境联邦主义理论分析为基础,利用基准模型和空间模型实证分析在环境分权背景下环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,命令控制型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率呈倒U形影响,先促进后抑制,目前已过拐点;以工业污染治理投资为代表的治理投资型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率呈U形影响,先抑制后促进,目前已过拐点;市场引导型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率呈倒U形影响,先促进后抑制,目前未过拐点。在环境分权背景下,环境分权对命令控制型环境规制产生负向调节作用,缩短其促进绿色全要素生产率的有效时间,削弱其作用强度;环境分权对市场引导型环境规制产生正向调节作用,延长了其发挥正向作用的时间。在时空异质性分析中发现,在经济高质量发展阶段,各类环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响与基准结果一致,仅有市场引导型环境规制的倒U形影响贯穿经济高速发展和经济高质量发展阶段;在东部地区,市场引导型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响更强,而命令控制型环境规制在中西部地区的影响更强。绿色全要素生产率具有不可忽略的空间相关性,治理投资型环境规制和市场引导型环境规制具有正向的空间溢出效应。因此,应科学把握各类环境规制的实施强度,有效发挥环境规制的正向实施效果;适当提高省级环境分权程度;完善治理投资型和市场引导型环境规制,加强区域间协同合作,最终形成推动绿色发展的有效政策体系。

Based on the macro-level data of Chinese provincial governments from 2003 to 2020,taking the“cost-benefit”analysis of environmental regulation and“Chinese-style environmental federalism”as the theoretical basis,the author empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity(GTFP)in the context of environmental decentralization by using baseline model and spatial model.First,the results show that:command-controlled environmental regulation has an inverted“U”-shaped effect on GTFP,that is,it promotes firstly and then inhibits,and now it has passed the inflection point;governance-invested environmental regulation has the U-shaped influence on GTFP,that is,it inhibits firstly and then promotes,and now it has passed the inflection point;and market-oriented environmental regulation,represented by green finance,has an inverted U-shape influence on GTFP,that is,it promotes firstly and then inhibits,and at present,it has not passed the inflection point.Second,considering the practical background of environmental decentralization,it is found that environmental decentralization has a negative moderating effect on the effectiveness of command-controlled environmental regulation,which shortens the effective time and intensity of its promotion of GTFP;on the contrary,environmental decentralization has a positive moderating effect on the effectiveness of market-oriented environmental regulation,which delays the time of its positive effect.Third,based on the temporal and spatial heterogeneity,it is found that the impact of various environmental regulations on GTFP is consistent with the baseline results in the current high-quality development stage,and only market-oriented environmental regulation has an inverted“U”-shaped effect in high-speed development and high-quality development;and in the eastern region,the market-oriented environmental regulation has stronger impact on GTFP,the command-controlled environmental regulation has stronger impact on GTFP in central and western regions.Finally,GTFP has a non-negligible spatial correlation,governanceinvested environmental regulation and market-oriented environmental regulation have positive spatial spillover effect.Therefore,the government should,first,manage the implementation intensity of various environmental regulations scientifically,five full play to the role of the positive implementation effect of environmental regulations effectively;second,the government should improve the level of provincial environmental decentralization appropriately;and third,the government should perfect the governance-invested environmental regulation and market-oriented environmental regulation,strengthen regional cooperation,and form an effective policy system to promote green development ultimately.