可持续发展背景下不同土地利用类型的土壤固碳能力

Soil carbon sequestration capacity of different land use typesin the context of sustainable development

在可持续发展大背景下,由于温室效应日益显著,降碳增汇已成为全世界关注的热点问题,土壤强大的CO 2吸收能力逐渐引起各专家学者的重视。近年来,学术界在土壤碳汇方面的研究已经取得一定进展,但目前还没有对不同土地利用类型的土壤固碳能力做出系统梳理。综述森林、草地、农田和旱地土壤的固碳特点和影响因素的研究进展,并就不同土地利用类型的土壤固碳未来研究方向进行了展望。研究表明:①由于丰富的植被和发达的根系,森林土壤固碳能力较高,森林火灾、树木砍伐是影响森林土壤固碳能力的重要因素;②草地生态系统地下部分比地上部分存储了更多的有机碳,放牧、施肥是影响草地土壤固碳能力的重要因素;③农田也可以在地上生物量中储存大量的碳,秸秆还田、生物炭和农作物产量是较为有效的固碳改善方式;④旱地储存了全球大部分土壤无机碳,土壤无机碳含量受母质等多种因素影响,且旱地土壤有机碳和无机碳关系复杂。

Due to the increasingly significant greenhouse effect in the context of sustainable development,carbon reduction and sink enhancement have become hot issues of concern worldwide,and the powerful CO 2 absorption capacity of soil has gradually attracted the attention of experts and scholars.In recent years,academic research on soil carbon sequestration has made some progress,but there is still no systematic overview of soil carbon sequestration capacity of different land use types.The research progress on the characteristics and influencing factors of soil carbon sequestration in forests,grasslands,agricultural lands and drylands was reviewed,and the future research direction of soil carbon sequestration in different land use types was prospected.Research shows that:①Forest soil carbon sequestration capacity is higher due to rich vegetation and developed root system,and forest fire and tree felling are important factors affecting forest soil carbon sequestration capacity;②The underground part of grassland ecosystem stores more organic carbon than the aboveground part,and grazing and fertilization are important factors affecting grassland soil carbon sequestration capacity;③Agricultural land can also store a large amount of carbon in aboveground biomass,and straw return,biochar and crop yield are more effective ways to improve carbon sequestration;④Drylands store most of the global soil inorganic carbon,and soil inorganic carbon content is affected by various factors such as parent material,and the relationship between organic and inorganic carbon in dryland soils is complex.