论“善意原则”在国际环境权利行使中的适用——以国际环境争端解决为视角

On the Application of the Principle of Good Faith in the Exercise of International Environmental Rights—From the Perspective of International Environmental Dispute Resolution

“善意原则”兼具“道义”与“规范”双重属性,支配着国际环境法义务的设立和履行。基于超越国界的全球环境问题的复杂性及频发性,“善意原则”在相关各方的国际环境权利行使方面表现为“禁止环境权利滥用”,强调各方权利与义务间的协调及相关利益冲突的合理平衡。同时,由于权利与义务的统一性,以及为了有效实现国际环境治理的需要,作为一项国际环境法的一般法律原则,“善意原则”广泛适用于国际环境争端解决,要求相关各方合理且善意地行使国际环境权利,通过确立国际环境权利与义务间的相互依存关系进而确定各国际环境法主体行使其环境权利的界限,使相关各方的环境权益保持合理的平衡,为国际法院和国际法庭裁判相关国际环境争端提供价值尺度。

The principle of good faith,which has both moral and normative attributes,governs the creation and implementation of international environmental law obligations.Due to the complexity and frequency of global environmental issues that transcend national boundaries,the principle of good faith is manifested as“prohibiting the abuse of environmental rights”in the exercise of international environmental rights by relevant parties,emphasizing the coordination between rights and obligations of all parties and the reasonable balance of related interest conflicts.At the same time,due to the unity of rights and obligations and the need to effectively realize international environmental governance,as a general legal principle of international environmental law,the principle of good faith is widely applied to international environmental dispute settlement,requiring relevant parties to exercise international environmental rights reasonably and in good faith.By establishing the interdependence between international environmental rights and obligations,the limits of the exercise of environmental rights by international environmental law subjects are determined,so that the environmental rights and interests of relevant parties can maintain a reasonable balance,and provide a value measure for international courts and tribunals to adjudicate relevant international environmental disputes.