堡子坪白马人麻昼仪式的文化阐释

The Cultural Interpretation of Baima Tibetan's Mazhou Ritual in Baoziping

麻昼仪式具有雒舞和苯教的某些文化元素,但不完全是学界一般认为的舞和苯教神舞的民间遗留,而是以仪式主体相信万物有灵和鬼神等超自然力量为基点,通过一系列媒介并加以符号化和象征化,在特定时空维度中,以众神之名驱逐侵害人们的鬼邪,旨在落实来年村寨风调雨顺、五谷丰登、人畜兴旺等现实性诉求的一种程式化叙事。这种程式化叙事不仅是白马人精神世界在日常生活中的一种文化投射,也是村落语境中白马人对自身文化的追溯性表述。显然,这种追溯性表述与族群的过去、现在及未来休戚相关。

According to the field survey in Baoziping, Wenxian County,Gansu Province,the author findsthat Baima Tibetan's Mazhou ritual possessed certain cultural elements of Nuo dance and Bonism,which does not fall precisely within the realm of folk legacies such as Nuo nor Bon dancethat are generally acknowledged by the scholars. The ritual subject holds the belief that all entitiespossess supernatural forces, including spirits and ghosts. Ritual subject,through a series of mediaand specific space-time dimension,expels evil spirits that harm people by the name of the gods,aims to pray good weather,golden harvest and enough livestock. This stylized narrationis not only acultural projection of Baima Tibetan's spiritual world in daily life,but also a retrospective expressionof Baima Tibetan's own culture in the village context. This expression is evidently pertinentto the historical,contemporary,and prospective aspects of the ethnic community.