从知识学习到思维培养: ChatGPT时代的教育变革

From Knowledge Learning to Thinking Cultivation:Paradigm Shift in Education in ChatGPT Era

以ChatGPT为代表的通用人工智能的出现预示着教育领域的底层逻辑将发生范式转变。本文从历史的角度分析了教育的演化,探讨了农耕文明和工业文明的社会需求与教育模式之间的关系,从而提出在智能文明时代,教育的核心目标应当从知识学习转向高级认知能力的培养。教育领域的研究者和从业者需要在教育的目标和方式上实现创新,才能更好地适应这个快速变化的世界。面对通用人工智能时代的挑战,教师可以利用ChatGPT的问答功能,引导学生深入思考,发现问题,提升他们的批判性思维能力;利用ChatGPT进行辩论的方法,通过模拟不同的观点,帮助学生理解和掌握复杂的概念,提高他们的论证技巧,实现苏格拉底倡导的以辩求真的教学法;利用ChatGPT进行角色扮演,通过模拟历史人物或文学角色,帮助学生从不同的视角进行理解和探索,增强他们的同理心和创造力;利用ChatGPT进行作业的布置和批改,以提高教学效率,减轻教师的工作负担,同时也为学生提供及时和个性化的反馈。

The emergence of general artificial intelligence,represented by ChatGPT,heralds a paradigm shift in the underlying logic of education.We first analyzed the evolution of education from a historical perspective,exploring the relationship between the social needs and educational paradigm of agrarian and industrial civilizations,thereby proposing that in the era of intelligence era,the core of education should shift from knowledge learning to the cultivation of advanced cognitive abilities.Faced with this challenge,we proposed a series of specific educational reform strategies.First,we proposed using the question-and-answer function of ChatGPT to guide students to think deeply,discover problems,and enhance their critical thinking skills.Second,we suggested a method of using ChatGPT for debates,simulating different viewpoints to help students understand and master complex concepts and improve their argumentation skills,with the implementation of the Socratic teaching method of seeking truth through debate.In addition,we explored how to use ChatGPT for role-playing,simulating historical figures or literary characters to help students better understand and explore different perspectives,enhancing their empathy and creativity.Finally,we discussed how to use ChatGPT for homework assignment and grading to improve teaching efficiency,reduce the workload of teachers,and provide timely and personalized feedback for students.