理论心理学:中国自主心理学体系的未来

Theoretical Psychology:The Future of China's Independent Psychology System

“中国自主心理学体系的建立”,还是回到了中国心理学该走中西文化哪条路的老问题。第一条路,学习西方科学心理学,但学不到家。西方的科学传统是主客二元,方法论是波普尔的可证伪主义,能否适用于兼具自然与人文两种取向的心理学,还有待商榷。对西方科学考察发现,科学始于理论、理论先于观察、理论指导方法,真正的科学精神是怀疑、创新、自由意志。因此,学习西方科学心理学,应该重视“理论”。第二条路,回过头来,欲传承中国心理学道统,发现又忘本了。轴心文明时期,中西文化就走向了具有不同科学传统的两条分殊之路,中国诞生了“象科学”。象科学的道统就是“天人合一”,方法论就是“体证”。对中国象科学考察发现,象科学心理学的建立始于“中国儒释道文化”的“理论挖掘”,亟需“中西对比诠释”的“理论建构”,更需要“体证方法”的“理论创新”。因此,建立中国象科学心理学,更应该重视“理论”。西方科学和中国象科学虽看似南辕北辙,但近年来有携手合作的可能。西方科学传统下,从胡塞尔的“现象学”到认知科学中的“具身认知”,已经开始学习中国文化中的“天人合一”智慧来应对西方文化中的“主客二元”危机。在此过程中,“理论心理学”的根本使命就是在认知科学领域为中西方文化架设一座桥梁,直言不讳地说,中国自主心理学的核心,就在于“理论心理学”。面对理论心理学的衰落,我们必须采取行动重建中国的理论心理学,具体来说,学校层面,应该开设“理论心理学”课程,培育跨学科人才;中国心理学会层面,应该集众专委会之力,重建“理论与史专委会”;政府层面,应该扶持创办理论心理学的特色期刊。为了响应习近平总书记对中国文化创新的号召,潘菽、高觉敷两位老先生对立足于中国文化的中国自主心理学体系的呼唤:重建理论心理学,吾辈任重道远!

The“building of China's independent psychology system”goes back to the old question of which approach Chinese psychology should follow-Chinese or Western?The first approach is to learn Western scientific psychology,yet with imperfect achievements.The Western scientific tradition revolves around subject-object dualism and methodologically follows Popper's theory of falsifiability.Whether it can be applied to psychology with both natural and humanistic orientations remains to be discussed.The investigation of Western science reveals that science begins with theory,theory precedes observation,and theory guides methods.The genuine scientific spirit lies in doubt,innovation,and free will.Therefore,when studying Western scientific psychology,more attention should be paid to“theory”.The second approach entails endeavours to inherit Chinese psychological traditions,yet with insufficient understanding of their origin.During the Axial Civilization period,Chinese and Western cultures moved towards two separate paths with different scientific traditions.At this time,“Xiang Science”was born in China,the orthodoxy of which is“the unity of man and nature”,and the methodology is“embodied evidence”.The investigation of Chinese Xiang Science found that the establishment of scientific psychology started from the“theoretical excavation”of“Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism culture”and urgently called for the“theoretical construction”of“comparative interpretation of China and the West”,as well as the“experimental method”of“theoretical innovation”.Therefore,the establishment of Chinese psychology following Xiang Science should pay more attention to“theory”.Despite the existing conflicts,Western science and Chinese Xiang Science have seen the possibility of cooperation in recent years.Under the tradition of Western science,from Husserl's“phenomenology”to“embodied cognition”in cognitive science,scholars have begun to learn the wisdom of“harmony between man and nature”in Chinese culture to deal with the“subject-object duality”in the Western tradition.In this process,the fundamental mission of“theoretical psychology”is to build a bridge between Chinese and Western cultures in the field of cognitive science.Essentially,“theoretical psychology”is where the core of China's independent psychology lies.Facing the decline of theoretical psychology,we must take action to rebuild China's theoretical psychology.Specifically,schools should offer“theoretical psychology courses”to help cultivate interdisciplinary talents;contributions should be made by the Chinese Psychological Society to rebuild the“Special Committee on Theory and History”;governmental attention should be directed to support the establishment of journals specializing in theoretical psychology.In response to General Secretary Xi Jinping's call for Chinese cultural innovation and Pan Shu and Gao Juefu's call for China's independent psychological system based on Chinese culture:towards rebuilding theoretical psychology,we have a long way to go.