数据跨境法律规制的现实挑战与应对策略

Current Challenges and Countermeasures of Data Cross-BorderLegal Regulation

数据作为重要资产已成国际共识,数据跨境流动则对经济社会发展意义重大、影响深远。然而由于发展水平、价值取向、法律传统等方面的差异,不同法域对数据交易与利用的管理规则存在较大差别,目前通过国内法律和国际贸易协定规制数据流动均面临诸多困难和挑战。面对数据跨境法律规制的国内与国际挑战,应当以构建“网络空间命运共同体”为指引,为世界数字共同体建设贡献中国智慧:采取包容审慎的监管策略,坚持高效率的“重点监管”,避免滑向高成本的“过度规制”,从而降低经贸活动成本;通过积极探索“一带一路”倡议下的数据保护“充分性认定”机制、推广RCEP有关数据跨境的监管规则、加强技术援助等方式,构建良好的国内、国际“数字营商环境”;坚决反对“数字霸权”,推动建立平等、互惠的全球数据流通生态。

Data has become a crucial production element in the era of intelligence,and its cross-border movement is vital for economic and societal development.However,within this field,due to the differences in development levels,value orientations,legal traditions,and other various aspects,different jurisdictions have significant variations in the rules governing data transactions and utilization.This diversity creates substantial challenges in managing data flow through domestic laws and international trade agreements.In the face of the domestic and international challenges of cross-border data regulation,the government should take the idea of“the Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace”as a guide and contribute Chinese wisdom to the construction of the world digital community.First of all,an inclusive and prudent regulatory strategy should be adopted,from high-cost“over-regulation”to high-efficiency“focused regulation”to reduce the cost of economic and trade activities.Second,to build a good domestic and international“digital business environment”by actively exploring the“Belt and Road”model of data protection“adequacy determination”mechanism,promoting the RCEP rules on data cross-border regulation,and strengthening technical assistance.Finally,we should firmly oppose“digital hegemony”and promote the establishment of an equal and mutually beneficial global data flow ecology.