不同气体组分对玉露香梨采后生理及品质的影响

Effects of different atmospheres on postharvest physiology and quality of ‘Yuluxiang’ pear

为明确玉露香梨对低O_(2)和高CO_(2)的耐受能力,并筛选出玉露香梨最佳气调参数。对不同O_(2)浓度(1%、3%)和不同CO_(2)浓度(1%、3%、5%)进行正交试验,以普通冷藏为对照,置于(0±0.5)℃条件下贮藏,分别于冷藏300 d和330 d以及对应货架7 d时进行生理指标测定。结果表明,与普通冷藏相比,气调冷藏均有效地抑制了果皮叶绿素含量以及果实硬度、可滴定酸含量的下降,降低了果柄褐变指数及果实货架期呼吸强度、乙烯释放量,但气调冷藏降低了果实维生素C含量,以O_(2)浓度为1%尤为明显。当CO_(2)浓度为5%时,果实可溶性固形物含量下降明显,促进了果实乙醇和乙醛含量的积累,且果心褐变指数较高。因此,玉露香梨可耐受1%O_(2)和3%CO_(2),但不耐受5%CO_(2)。综合果实外观品质和内在品质,玉露香梨最佳气调参数为1%O_(2)+3%CO_(2)。

To screen the best atmosphere parameters,provide technical reference and theoretical basis for the commercial application of control atmosphere storage of‘Yuluxiang’pear.The orthogonal experimental design was carried out with O_(2) concentration of 1%,3%and CO_(2) concentration of 1%,3%and 5%respectively.Normal refrigeration was used as the control(CK)and stored at(0±0.5)℃.The results showed that compared with ordinary cold storage,controlled atmosphere effectively inhibited the decline of peel chlorophyll content and fruit hardness,titratable acid content,and reduced fruit stalk browning index,respiratory intensity and ethylene release during fruit shelf life.However,controlled atmosphere cold storage reduced the vitamin C content of fruit,especially when O_(2) concentration was 1%.When the CO_(2) concentration was 5%,the soluble solid content of fruit decreased significantly,promoting the accumulation of ethanol and acetaldehyde content in the fruit,and the browning index of fruit core was higher.Therefore,‘Yuluxiang’pear can tolerate 1%O_(2) and 3%CO_(2),but cannot tolerate 5%CO_(2).Based on the fruit appearance quality and internal quality,the best controlled atmosphere parameter of‘Yuluxiang’pear was 1%O_(2)+3%CO_(2).