地熊蜂在梨和甜樱桃上的授粉行为及效果研究

Pollination behavior and effect of Bombus terrestris on pear and cherry

以我国北方露地梨和甜樱桃为试材,采用地熊蜂授粉方法,研究地熊蜂在梨、甜樱桃上的授粉行为特性以及对产量的影响。结果表明:春季梨园和甜樱桃园内地熊蜂出巢活动主要集中在9:00—11:00和15:00—16:00,均有2次出巢活动高峰期;地熊蜂对梨和甜樱桃的单蜂有效访花数分别为6.2朵/min和9.1朵/min,单花访问时间分别为7.3 s和4.9 s;地熊蜂授粉的梨坐果率与自然授粉相比提高54%以上,单株产量提高19%以上,与人工授粉相比差异不显著;地熊蜂授粉的甜樱桃坐果率与自然授粉相比提高12%以上,单株产量提高13%以上。由此可见,地熊蜂授粉对北方露地梨和甜樱桃具有增产作用,值得推广应用。

To clarify the pollination behavior and effect of Bombusterrestrison pear and cherry in Northern China,we studied the pollination behavior characteristics and analyzed the effects of B.terrestrison the production of pear and cherry.The results showed that,in spring,the foraging activities of B.terrestrisin pear and cherry orchard had two peaks that were mainly concentrated in 9:00—11:00 and 15:00—16:00.The number of effective visiting flowers of pear and cherry for single bumblebee were 6.2 and 9.1 flowers per minute,with the effective visiting time per flower was 7.3 s and 4.9 s.Compared with natural pollination,the fruit setting rate and production per plant of pear pollinated with B.terrestrisincreased by more than 54%and 19%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the effects of pear for B.terrestrispollination and artificial pollination.Compared to natural pollination,the fruit setting rate and production per plant of cherry pollinated with B.terrestrisincreased by more than 12%and 13%,respectively.In conclusion,B.terrestrispollination can improve the production of open-air pear and cherry in Northern China,which is worth popularizing and applying widely in the future.