化肥减量配施有机肥和土壤调理剂对酸化甜樱桃园的改良效果研究

Study on the improvement effect of chemical fertilizer reduction combined withorganic fertilizer and soil conditioner application onacidified sweet cherry orchard

为探讨酸化甜樱桃园土壤矫正和果实品质提升技术,以美早为试材,通过连续3年的田间定位试验,研究了化肥减量20%的条件下,配施有机肥和土壤调理剂硅钙钾镁肥(T1)、有机肥(T2)、土壤调理剂硅钙钾镁肥(T3)对酸化甜樱桃园土壤p H值和有机质、有效养分含量,叶片养分含量和光合效率以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,处理3年后,各处理均提高了土壤p H值和有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁含量,其中T1处理效果最佳,分别提高了12.50%、12.81%、34.37%、17.31%、24.19%、18.10%、30.77%;均提高了叶片磷、钾、钙、镁含量以及叶绿素含量、净光合速率和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm),其中T1处理效果最佳,分别提高了29.75%、39.41%、14.80%、19.41%、10.03%、18.86%、4.30%;均提高了果实单果重和可溶性固形物、维生素C含量,其中T1处理效果最佳,分别提高了13.98%、12.23%、15.59%,可滴定酸含量降低了11.27%。综合来看,配施有机肥和土壤调理剂硅钙钾镁肥是改良酸化土壤、提高土壤有机质和有效养分含量及提升果实品质的有效措施。

Using‘Tieton’as material,this study aimed to explore the soil correction and fruit quality improvement technology of acidified sweet cherry.A three-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer soil amendment(T1),organic fertilizer(T2),silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer soil amendment(T3)on soil pH,organic matter and available nutrients,leaf nutrients and photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality in acidified sweet cherry orchards under the condition of 20%reduction of chemical fertilizer.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization,after 3 years of treatment,soil pH,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium content were increased by all treatments.Among them,T1 had the best effect,which increased by 12.50%,12.81%,34.37%,17.31%,24.19%,18.10%and 30.77%,respectively.The contents of phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium in leaves,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)were increased,among which T1 had the best effect,which increased by 29.75%,39.41%,14.80%,19.41%,10.03%,18.86%and 4.30%,respectively.The single fruit weight,soluble solids and vitamin C content were increased,and the effect of T1 was the best,which increased by 13.98%,12.23%and 15.59%,respectively,while the titratable acid content decreased by 11.27%.In summary,combined application of organic fertilizer and silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer soil conditioner is an effective measure to improve acidified soil,increase soil organic matter and available nutrient content and improve fruit quality.