考虑安全风险的建筑工人运动风格刻画方法

construction worker movement style portrayal approach considering safety risks

建筑环境要素之间的动态变化给建筑工人的安全管理带来巨大挑战。为准确地从建筑工人的多样化动态运动过程中挖掘独特的安全信息,基于工人与危险区域的交互情况,提出考虑安全风险的建筑工人运动风格刻画方法。首先,将施工现场风险区域划分为面危险区域与点危险区域。根据工人运动轨迹与施工安全危险源的交互情况,建立包括接近速度、停留时间、接近距离的建筑工人运动风格刻画特征参数。之后,根据多属性决策理论,利用采集的专家意见并结合语言Heronian平均算子选择最优专家决策并建立运动风格刻画规则库,搭建基于区间二型模糊系统的建筑工人运动风格刻画方法。最后,为验证该方法的可行性和合理性,选择某实际施工场景并采集12位工人的施工轨迹和5名专家的语义化规则意见进行验证。研究结果表明:根据工人的实际表现及现场情况,建筑工人的运动风格可以刻画为谨慎型、正常型和冒险型3种类别,利用所提方法刻画建筑工人运动风格具有可行性。利用高斯混合模型对获取的特征参数进行聚类分析,验证了该方法的合理性。最后提出了建筑工人的3级行为干预体系。研究可以为从外部客观条件下探究工人的安全风险偏好,促进差异化、适应性安全矫正等提供理论与实践参考。

The dynamic changes between elements of the construction environment pose great challenges to the safety management of construction workers.To extract unique safety information from the diverse dynamic movements of construction workers accurately,a construction worker movement style portrayal method considering safety risks was proposed based on the interaction between workers and hazardous areas.First,the construction site risk areas were divided into surface hazard areas and point hazard areas.Based on the interaction between workers’trajectories and safety risk sources,construction workers’movement style portrayal parameters including approach speed,stay time and approach distance were established.Afterwards,according to the multi-attribute decision theory,the optimal expert decision was selected using the collected expert opinions and the linguistic Heronian average operator.A rule base of motion style portrayal was established to build a construction worker motion style portrayal method based on interval type two fuzzy system.Finally,to verify the feasibility and rationality of the method,an actual construction scene was selected and the construction trajectories of twelve workers and the semanticized opinions of five experts were collected for validation.The results show that according to the actual performance of the workers and the on-site situation,the movement styles of construction workers can be portrayed as cautious,normal,and risky,and the proposed method is feasible for portraying the movement styles of construction workers.The clustering analysis of the obtained feature parameters using Gaussian Mixture Model verifies the rationality of the method.A three-level behavioral intervention system for construction workers was proposed finally.The study can provide theoretical and practical references for exploring workers’safety risk preferences from external objective conditions and promoting differentiated and adaptive safety correction.