非遗传承人才培养困境及改善对策

Dilemma in and Countermeasures to Cultivation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Talents

非遗传承人才作为文化保护与传承的核心因素,对其进行有效的培养十分重要。非遗传承人才培养的首要目标是习得,即人才通过培养能获得非遗相关技能与知识;第二目标是发展,即在习得的基础上,要通过相关培养激发非遗传承人才的创造力,使非遗工作因创新和发明而有所增益,得到发展。当前,非遗传承人才面临认知转变、政策倾斜、市场需求增加等前所未有的机遇,培养也卓见成效,然而由于非遗传承的特殊性,其人才培养工作的难度较高。当前的培养工作仍存在培养内容供需错位、培养主体单一、培养效果难以保障等问题。须充分尊重非遗项目多样性,从内外部两方面入手,探索完善非遗传承人才培养的对策,以期发挥政府、学校、企业以及个人的协同作用,实现对于非遗传承人才的有效培养,为非遗文化传承做出贡献。

As the core factor in protecting and inheriting intangible cultural heritage,it is crucial to effectively cultivate intangible cultural heritage inherence talents.The primary goal of cultivating intangible cultural heritage inherence talents is to acquire skills and knowledge related to intangible cultural heritage through training;the second goal is to develop,that is,on the basis of learning,to stimulate the creativity of inheritance talents through relevant training,so that intangible cultural heritage work can be benefitted and developed due to innovation and invention.Currently,intangible cultural heritage inheritance talents are facing unprecedented training opportunities such as cognitive transformation,policy inclination and increased market demand,and the training has also achieved remarkable results.However,due to the unique nature of intangible cultural heritage inheritance,the difficulty of talent training is relatively high.The current training work still faces problems such as mismatched supply and demand of training content,single training subjects,and difficulty in ensuring training effectiveness.We should fully respect the diversity of intangible cultural heritage projects,explore and improve countermeasures to cultivation of intangible cultural heritage inheritance talents from both internal and external perspectives,in order to leverage the collaborative role of the government,schools,enterprises and individuals,achieve effective training of intangible cultural heritage inheritance talents,and contribute to the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage culture.