下颈椎关节突三维参数测量与关节突螺钉导向器的设计

Measurement of three-dimensional parameters of lower cervical facet joints and design of transarticular facet screw guide

背景:近年来,颈椎关节突关节在颈椎病的发病机制和外科治疗中逐渐被重视,但是目前关于成人下颈椎关节突关节的解剖学研究相对较少。目的:测量下颈椎关节突三维参数,为下颈椎经关节突螺钉导向器的设计提供依据。方法:选取2021年6月至2022年6月于徐州医科大学附属医院行颈椎CT检查人员100例,男50例,女50例,年龄20-50岁。经筛选每例图像均无颈椎椎管狭窄、颈椎椎间盘突出、明显的骨质增生、感染及肿瘤等病变。经过三维重建后,测量C_(3-7)每个节段颈椎关节突关节矢状面上的倾斜角和矢状面下颈椎经关节突螺钉与关节突关节面的夹角。根据统计分析测量结果,利用CAD软件设计出下颈椎经关节突螺钉导向器。结果与结论:矢状面颈椎关节突关节面倾斜角以C5为中心呈U形分布,大小关系为C_(7)>C_(6)>C_(3)>C_(4)>C_(5);矢状面上经关节突螺钉角度大小关系为:C_(6/7)>C_(5/6)>C_(4/5)>C_(3/4),其中C_(3/4)、C_(4/5)、C_(5/6)角度均接近90°,C_(6/7)角度超过100°。通过测量矢状面颈椎关节突关节面倾斜角和经关节突螺钉角度,设计出了矢状面垂直于关节突关节面的导向器。

BACKGROUND:In recent years,cervical facet joints have been paid more and more attention to the pathogenesis and surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis,but there are few anatomical studies on adult lower cervical facet joints.OBJECTIVE:To measure three-dimensional parameters of the lower cervical facet to provide a basis for the design of the lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide.METHODS:From June 2021 to June 2022,100 cases receiving cervical spine CT examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were selected,with 50 males and 50 females,aged 20-50 years.After screening,each image showed no cervical spinal stenosis,cervical disc herniation,obvious bone hyperplasia,infection or tumor.The sagittal inclination angle of each segment of the cervical spine facet joint and the angle between the lower cervical spine facet joint surface and the transarticular facet joint screw at the C_(3-7)levels were measured after 3D reconstruction.According to the measurement results of statistical analysis,a lower cervical transarticular facet screw guide was designed using CAD software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The inclination angle of the cervical facet joint surface on the sagittal plane was distributed in a U-shaped shape centered on C5,and the magnitude relationship was C_(7)>C_(6)>C_(3)>C_(4)>C_(5).The relationship between transarticular facet screw angles on the sagittal plane was:C_(6/7)>C_(5/6)>C_(4/5)>C_(3/4),where the angle of C_(3/4),C_(4/5)and C_(5/6)was close to 90°,and the angle of C6/7 exceeded 100°.By measuring the sagittal inclination angle of the cervical facet joint and the angle of the transarticular facet screw,this study designed a guide that was perpendicular to the lower cervical facet joint surface in the sagittal plane.