假体周围骨溶解中的新型细胞程序性死亡

Novel programmed cell death in periprosthetic osteolysis

背景:最近的研究发现,在假体周围骨溶解中还发现了除凋亡外的新型细胞程序性死亡途径,参与了局部慢性炎症的调节以及成骨细胞和破骨细胞病理条件下的转归,对假体周围骨溶解的治疗和预后有着重要价值。目的:通过总结有关新型细胞程序性死亡的研究,为防治假体周围骨质溶解提供新的思路和策略。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索2005-2022年出版的文献,以“磨损颗粒,假体周围骨溶解,细胞程序性死亡,凋亡,自噬,焦亡,坏死性凋亡,铁死亡”等为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库;以“osteolysis,wear debris,wear particles,peri*prosthetic osteolysis,PPOL,aseptic loosening,autophagy,regulated cell death,programmed cell death,apoptosis,pyroptosis,autophagic cell death,autophagy,necroptosis,ferroptosis”等为英文检索词检索PubMed和Web of Science数据库,按照入选标准最终共纳入68篇文章。结果与结论:①自噬不足或过度激活都将引起细胞死亡,抑制成骨功能并促进破骨功能,引起骨代谢紊乱和骨溶解;②焦亡在假体周围骨溶解中的研究近年来备受关注,NOD样受体蛋白3炎性小体在局部炎症中扮演着重要角色,抑制焦亡可有效缓解骨溶解;③坏死性凋亡在体外已被证明可以抑制成骨细胞和破骨细胞的形成和功能,从而影响骨吸收和骨破坏过程;④铁死亡作为一种最新发现的细胞程序性死亡方式,受到复杂的信号通路和机制调控,目前尚未完全阐明;⑤自噬、焦亡、坏死性凋亡及铁死亡在假体周围骨溶解的发生发展中具有重要作用,其相关信号通路、基因等仍需要更深入的研究。

BACKGROUND:In addition to apoptosis,recent studies have discovered novel forms of programmed cell death in periprosthetic osteolysis,which is involved in regulating local chronic inflammation and the outcome of osteoblast and osteoclast under pathological conditions.This has an important value for the treatment and prognosis of periprosthetic osteolysis.OBJECTIVE:To provide new ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis by summarizing studies on the novel forms of programmed cell death.METHODS:The first author used the computer to search the articles published from 2005 to 2022.Chinese search terms“wear particles,periprosthetic osteolysis,programmed cell death,apoptosis,autophagy,pyroptosis,necrotizing apoptosis,iron death”were used to search the databases of CNKI,WanFang and VIP.English search terms“osteolysis,wear debris,wear particles,peri*prosthetic osteolysis,PPOL,aseptic loosening,autophagy,regulated cell death,programmed cell death,apoptosis,pyroptosis,autophagic cell death,autophagy,necroptosis,ferroptosis”were used for search in PubMed and Web of Science databases.A total of 68 articles were finally included according to the inclusion criteria.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Inadequate or excessive activation of autophagy can cause cell death,inhibit bone formation,and promote bone resorption,leading to bone metabolism disorders and osteolysis.(2)Recent studies have paid close attention to pyroptosis in periprosthetic osteolysis,where the Nod-like receptor,pyrin containing 3 inflammasome plays an important role in local inflammation.Inhibiting pyroptosis can effectively alleviate osteolysis.(3)In vitro studies have shown that necroptosis can inhibit the formation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,affecting the process of osteolysis and destruction.(4)Ferroptosis is the newest form of programmed cell death,which is regulated by complex signaling pathways and mechanisms,but is not yet fully understood.(5)Autophagy,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis play important roles in the development of periprosthetic osteolysis,and their associated signaling pathways and genes require further investigation.