绿色环保型超疏水涂层的研究进展

Research Progress and Development Trend of Green and Environmental Friendly Superhydrophobic Coating

针对近期发表的绿色环保型超疏水涂层相关研究进行总结,从绿色环保型超疏水涂层的制备方法、研究进展和应用领域3个方面进行了综述。介绍了现阶段绿色环保超疏水涂层的制备原理和制备方法,简要概述了通过涂覆法、模板法、刻蚀法、静电纺丝法等制备方法的代表性应用研究,并分析了各自的优点以及目前存在的问题。着重介绍了天然蜡类、脂肪酸类、纤维素类和生物质类绿色环保型超疏水涂层的相关最新进展和制备方法,对不同种类的环保疏水涂层的优劣势进行了详细的分析。最后,对目前绿色环保超疏水涂层在自清洁、防腐以及油水分离涂层领域的应用进行了总结,针对目前绿色环保型超疏水涂层应用中所存在的问题提出了进一步研究的建议,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Generally speaking,the superhydrophobic surface is defined when the static contact angle(CA)of the superhydrophobic material surface with water is greater than 150°and the rolling angle(SA)is less than 10°.Lotus leaf is the first superhydrophobic material discovered by human beings in nature,so superhydrophobic effect is also called"lotus leaf effect".Since the"lotus leaf effect"is discovered,the superhydrophobic property has been widely concerned by scholars.Because superhydrophobic materials have excellent anti-fouling,anti-corrosion,anti-adhesion,self-cleaning and resistance reduction properties,they are widely used in chemical,food,medical,shipping and other aspects.At present,low surface energy modifying materials such as long-chain perfluorocarbons in the vast majority of artificially prepared superhydrophobic coatings will cause fluoride pollution and cause great harm to human health and ecological environment.With the continuous improvement of the world's requirements for environmental and human health protection,countries around the world have adopted strict supervision on the use of fluorinated compounds.The development of green,low-carbon and environment-friendly superhydrophobic coatings has become the focus of more and more researchers.The preparation of environment-friendly superhydrophobic coatings using natural polymers,a small amount of fluorosilicon grafted polymers or water as a solvent can not only endow the coatings with low surface energy,but also avoid the use of a large number of fluorosilicon compounds that pollute the environment,meeting the requirements of green and environment-friendly development and low cost.The related research of green environment-friendly superhydrophobic coating published recently was summarized,and the preparation methods,research progress and application fields of green environment-friendly superhydrophobic coating were reviewed.The current preparation principle and methods of environmental protection superhydrophobic coating were introduced,the representative application research of coating method,template method,etching method and electrospinning method was briefly summarized,and their respective advantages and existing problems were analyzed.The latest progress and preparation methods of natural wax,fatty acid,cellulose and biomass environment-friendly superhydrophobic coatings were emphatically introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of environment-friendly superhydrophobic coatings were analyzed in detail.At last,the application of environmental protection superhydrophobic coating in the fields of self-cleaning,anti-corrosion and oil-water separation coating was summarized.According to the existing problems in the application of environmental protection superhydrophobic coating,some suggestions for further research were put forward,and the future development trend was prospected.With the development of research in the field of superhydrophobic coatings,there are more and more problems and challenges exposed in the production process and performance of superhydrophobic coatings.At present,most of the superhydrophobic coatings reported are still in the laboratory stage.The mechanical durability of superhydrophobic coatings is poor,and it is difficult to resist long-term wear.The chemical stability and weather resistance of the coatings also need to be further improved.The preparation methods of superhydrophobic coatings are generally complex,and the preparation cost is also very expensive.These shortcomings limit the further production and application of superhydrophobic coatings.In the future,it is necessary to solve this series of key problems in order to successfully carry out industrial large-scale production.