基于心流理论的大学生职业生涯规划实践教育研究

A Study of the Practical Education of the College and University Students’Occupational Career Planning Based on the Theory of Flow

米哈里·契克森米哈赖的心流理论致力于探讨个体完全沉浸在当前任务中的幸福感的来源,同时提出在工作学习中创造心流所需要的条件。心流理论并非仅在理论层面揭示了“心流”这个心理学现象,其更大的贡献在于为人们在工作任务中促成“心流”提供了一套行之有效的操作方法。在大学生职业生涯规划实践教育中,以心流理论为指导,通过对实践项目的任务难度、技能技巧、细化目标与即时反馈等心流要素进行创造性地设计和实施,促成学生在实践活动中的心流体验,提高学生学习兴趣,激发学习动力,从而大幅度提高大学生职业规划实践教育效果。

The flow theory of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi aims,with the purpose of exploring the source of happiness when individuals are immersed in the current task,to propose the conditions and methods required for creating flow in work and study.The theory did not simply reveal the psychological phenomenon of“flow”from the theoretical perspective.Instead,it provided a set of feasible methods to help people create“flow”when handling tasks at work.In practical education on career planning for college and university students,faculties should,following the flow theory,creatively design and implement such flow elements of practical projects as task difficulty,skills,segmented objectives,and instant feedback,so as to strengthen students’interests in the study,renew their motivation for study and thereby achieve better education effects.