《黄帝内经》隐喻类疾病名英译的现状与对策

Translation of Metaphorical Disease Names in Inner Canon of Huangdi:Review and Suggestions

本文以5部《黄帝内经》英译本及5部国内外中医术语英译标准为语料,对《黄帝内经》中29条隐喻类疾病名英译现状进行分析,发现存在翻译策略不一致、一词多译、信息还原度不足等现象。提出隐喻类疾病名英译应在准确理解疾病内涵的基础上,以“信息传递完整”为翻译原则;同时根据疾病命名特点,将29条隐喻类疾病名分为“完全隐喻命名”和“部分隐喻命名”两大类,并根据具体情况提出5种翻译策略,即“直译”“直译(西医对应词)”“直译+增译”“直译+音译”“意译”。

Based on five English versions of Inner Canon of Huangdi and five English standards of traditional Chinese medicine terminologies in China and abroad,this paper analyzes the existing translations of 29 metaphorical disease names in Inner Canon of Huangdi.It founds that there are three main problems,including different translation strategies,multiple translations of the same word and incomplete translation.It suggests that for the translation of the 29 disease names,accurate understanding of the diseases is the first step;the principle of " conveying complete information" should be preferred.According to the characteristics of the 29 disease names,they are divided into two categories:" being named after metaphor only" and " being named after metaphor partly".And five translation strategies are suggested for different characteristics,namely," literal translation" " literal translation(equivalent in western medicine)" " literal translation+amplification" " literal translation+transliteration" and " free translation".