学龄前孤独症谱系障碍儿童的患病危险因素分析

Analysis of prevalence factors in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders

目的探讨学龄前孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童的患病危险因素。方法选取2020年7月至2022年4月在郑州大学附属儿童医院就诊的87例3~6岁ASD儿童为研究对象并设为观察组,对照组为80例3~6岁同时期在本院进行体检的正常儿童。对两组研究对象进行问卷调查表、ABC量表、CARS量表及S-S语言发育迟缓量表,分析ASD儿童的患病危险因素。结果观察组患儿ABC、CARS评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组中,男、女性ASD患病率分别为82.76%、17.24%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素统计分析表明,患儿性别、喂养方式、母亲怀孕年龄、父亲性格、母亲性格、父母关系资料,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),是ASD儿童患病的的影响因素。由Logistic回归分析发现,患儿男性性别、父亲性格内向、母亲怀孕年龄偏大是ASD儿童患病的独立危险因素。87例ASD儿童中有81例存在语言发育迟缓,发生率为93.10%。结论ASD的患病因素包括:男性、父亲性格内向、母亲怀孕年龄偏大,且ASD儿童多存在语言发育迟缓的现象,减少相关危险因素,及早发现并治疗,可降低ASD的发病率。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of children with preschool autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Methods Eighty-seven children with ASD aged 3~6 years who attended our hospital from July 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the study subjects and set up as the observation group,while the control group consisted of 80 normal children aged 3~6 years who underwent physical examination at our hospital during the same period.Questionnaires,ABC scale,CARS scale and S-S speech delay scale were administered to the two groups to analyse the risk factors of ASD children.Results The observation group's scores for children with ABC and CARS were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,the prevalence of ASD in males and females was 82.76%and 17.24%respectively(P<0.05);univariate statistical analysis showed that the differences between groups,including the child's gender,feeding method,mother's age at pregnancy,father's personality,mother's personality and parental relationship,were significant(P<0.05)and were influential factors for the prevalence of ASD in children with ASD;by Logistic regression analysis revealed that Male gender,father's introversion and mother's older age at pregnancy were independent risk factors for ASD;81 out of 87 children with ASD had language delay,with an incidence of 93.10%.Conclusion The risk factors for ASD include:male,father's introversion,mother's older age at pregnancy,and the presence of delayed language development in children with ASD.