苏时学《爻山笔话》的辨伪思想及其对古史的考辨

Su Shi xue's Discriminating Forgery Thoughts in Yao Shan Bi Hua and His Analysis of Ancient History

清代学者苏时学在辨伪方面较有成就。他认为,古人撰作伪书主要是为了求声名,作伪的手段是假托他人来作伪。他往往综合古书的文辞和所载史实来考辨伪书。他对伪书的态度比较审慎,伪书中伪史料弃之,真史料则用以考古史。他以《竹书》为例,认为此书虽真伪并存,但他仍有效地利用其中的真史料来印证其他古籍所载古史,也用于纠正古史的讹误。

Su Shixue,a scholar in Qing Dynasty,made great achievements in the discriminating forgery.He believed that ancient scholars wrote false books mainly for fame,and the means of forgery was to fake others.He often combined the texts of ancient books and the historical facts contained in them to judge the false books.He was highly cautious about fake books,abandoning fake historical materials in the fake books,and using the real historical materials in researching ancient history.He took the Zhu Shu as an example,which contained both true and false historical material,making eff ective use of the authentic historical materials to confi rm the ancient history of other ancient books,and correcting the mistakes of ancient history.