湖南省农村饮用水消毒剂及其消毒效果分析

Disinfectants and their disinfection effects in rural drinking water in Hunan Province

目的了解湖南省千吨万人规模农村水厂饮用水消毒剂的应用及其消毒效果,为农村水厂消毒剂的选择提供参考。方法2019—2022年对湖南省内所有千吨万人规模农村水厂进行每季度监测,参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)对饮用水消毒效果进行分析评价。结果2019—2022年湖南省千吨万人规模农村水厂使用的饮用水消毒剂以高纯二氧化氯和次氯酸钠为主,占65.17%;液氯和次氯酸钠消毒水样的微生物指标合格率依次为96.54%、96.42%,均高于复合二氧化氯(94.63%)、高纯二氧化氯(92.03%)、漂白粉(90.62%)和其他消毒剂(94.19%)(P<0.05),漂白粉的消毒剂余量指标合格率最低,为80.40%,复合二氧化氯和液氯消毒水样的消毒剂余量指标合格率均为95.76%,均高于高纯二氧化氯(93.38%)、次氯酸钠(88.93%)和漂白粉(80.40%)(P<0.05);常用消毒剂处理的末梢水消毒剂余量合格率均高于出厂水(P<0.05);消毒设备按要求运行时,常用消毒剂处理的饮用水微生物指标合格率均高于消毒设备不能按要求运行(P<0.05)。结论不同的饮用水消毒剂各有优缺点和适用范围,农村水厂应严格落实消毒工艺,确保消毒设备的规范使用,同时加强消毒反应控制,充分发挥消毒剂的消毒效果。

Objective To investigate the application of disinfectants and their disinfection effects in drinking water from rural water plants with a daily water supply capacity of one thousand tons and covering ten thousand people in Hunan Province,and to provide references for choosing disinfectants of rural water plants.Methods Rural water plants with a daily water supply capacity of one thousand tons and covering ten thousand people in Hunan Province were monitored quarterly for water quality and sanitation from 2019 to 2022.The disinfection effects of drinking water were analyzed and assessed according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB5749-2006).Results Among the rural water plants monitored in Hunan Province from 2015 to 2019,65.17%were disinfected by high purity chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite.The qualified rates of microbiological indicators in water samples disinfected by liquid chlorine(96.54%)and sodium hypochlorite(96.42%)were both higher than those in water samples disinfected by compound chlorine dioxide(94.63%),high purity chlorine dioxide(92.03%),bleaching powder(90.62%)and other disinfectants(94.19%)(P<0.05).The qualified rate of disinfectant allowance indicator in water samples disinfected by compound chlorine dioxide(95.76%)and liquid chlorine(95.76%)were both higher than those in water samples disinfected by high purity chlorine dioxide(93.38%),sodium hypochlorite(88.93%)and bleaching powder(with the lowest qualified rate being 80.40%)(P<0.05).The qualified rates of disinfectant allowance in tap water disinfected by commonly-used disinfectants were all higher than those in out-factory water(P<0.05).The qualified rate of microbiological indicators in water samples treated with standardized use of disinfection equipments was higher than that in water samples treated with occasional use of disinfection equipments.Conclusion There are differences in advantages,disadvantages and applicability among different drinking water disinfectants.The disinfection process should be fully implemented for rural water supply.It is necessary to ensure standardized use of disinfection equipments,strengthen control of disinfection reaction and give full play to the disinfection effects of disinfectants.