共同富裕视域下公共教育支出的空间溢出效应

Spatial Spillover Effects of Public Education Expenditure under the Vision of Common Prosperity

公共教育支出比例的持续提高能否实质性地促进地区内部实现共同富裕,抑或依赖邻近区域的空间溢出效应间接带动共同富裕,这是攸关教育财政政策有效性的关键议题。本研究基于2011—2020年省级面板数据,构建了静态和动态相结合的空间杜宾模型,全面探查了公共教育支出对当地共同富裕的影响以及邻近区域的空间溢出效应。研究发现,公共教育支出比例提高对当地共同富裕有显著的正向推动作用,且更有利于提高本地区居民的生活富裕度;但是邻近区域的空间溢出效应并不显著,且短期溢出效应要高于长期效应。短期效应估计表明,公共教育支出比例每增加1%,将促进本地区居民共同富裕指数提高0.203个单位;而邻近区域公共教育支出比例每提高1%,仅为本地区共同富裕指数带来0.049个单位的外溢效应。分地区异质性检验表明,公共教育支出对东部地区共同富裕的空间溢出效应最大,西部地区次之,中部地区最为微弱。由此引申出的政策含义是:地方政府不宜过度依赖邻近区域的空间溢出,应重在夯实和完善地方财政性教育经费投入保障机制,打破区域间优质资源流动壁垒,促进教育发展邻近区域一体化与区域内部均衡化,协同推进优质教育资源共建共享发展新格局。

Whether the sustained increase in the proportion of public education expenditure can significantly promote the common prosperity within the region,or rely on the spatial spillover effects of neighboring regions,is a key issue related to the effects of education fiscal policy.Using China’s provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020,this paper constructs spatial Durbin models that combine static and dynamic,and examines the spatial spillover effects of public education expenditure on the common prosperity.The study found that the increase in the proportion of public education expenditure has a direct and significant effect on promoting local common prosperity.However,the spatial spillover effect on adjacent areas is not significant,and the short-term effects are stronger than the long-term effects.The marginal effect shows that every 1%increase in public education expenditure will boost the common prosperity index of local residents by 0.203.Every 1%increase in the proportion of public education expenditure in neighboring regions will bring a spillover effect of 0.049 to the region’s common prosperity.The heterogeneity test shows that the spatial spillover effect of public education expenditure on common prosperity in the eastern region is the largest,followed by the western region,and the central region is relatively weak.The policy implication derived from the above findings is to consolidate and improve the guarantee mechanism for local fiscal education funding.In terms of policy,it is necessary to break the barriers to the flow of high-quality resources between regions,promote the balance and integration of education development within the region,and then promote the new pattern of development of the joint construction and sharing of high-quality educational resources.