基于正交试验的红肉蜜柚优选施肥方案研究

Optimizing of Fertilizer Application Technique for Citrus maxima‘Hongroumiyou’Based on Orthogonal Experiments

合理的施肥管理措施是提高红肉蜜柚Citrus maxima‘Hongroumiyou’品质与产量的重要因素。研究以惠东县九州蜜柚场内的5年生红肉蜜柚为试验材料,考虑精制有机肥、花生饼肥和施肥时间3个因素,设计三因素三水平的红肉蜜柚正交试验,采用排队评分法、功效系数法和矩阵分析法3种方法分别评价了不同试验组对红肉蜜柚10个品质指标的影响,以确定最佳的施肥方案。结果表明,影响红肉蜜柚果实品质的因素由主到次依次为精制有机肥、花生饼肥和施肥时间;3种评价方法的评价结果均表明试验的红肉蜜柚施肥最佳方案为精制有机肥40 kg,花生饼肥10 kg,施肥时间为12月+5月+8月。该施肥方案显著提高了红肉蜜柚的果实品质。

Reasonable fertilization management measures are beneficial to improve the quality and yield of Citrus maxima‘Hongroumiyou’.Taking 5-year-old C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’trees in Jiu Zhou Pomelo Orchard of Huidong county as the experimental material,considering three factors of refined organic fertilizer,peanut cake fertilizer and fertilization time,the orthogonal test of three factors and three levels of C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’was designed.The effects of different experimental groups on 10 quality indexes of C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’were evaluated by using three methods:queuing score method,efficacy coefficient method and matrix analysis method.Results showed that applying organic fertilizer can significantly improve the quality indicators of C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’such as single fruit weight,edible rate,juice extraction rate,soluble solids,reducing sugar,total sugar,and VC content to a certain extent(P<0.05),and effectively reduce the titratable acid content of the fruit.The factors that have the greatest influence on the quality of C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’are,in order,refined organic fertilizer,peanut cake fertilizer,and fertilization time.The three multi-index evaluation methods all showed that the optimal fertilization plan for this experiment is to apply 40 kg of refined organic fertilizer,and 10 kg of peanut cake fertilizer,and fertilize in December,May,and August.This fertilization plan can significantly improve the quality of C.maxima‘Hongroumiyou’.