利奥三世时期海军制度变革初探

A Preliminary Study on the Reform of Naval System in the Period of LeoⅢ

利奥三世统治时期处于拜占庭帝国历史转折的关键期。在击败入侵的阿拉伯军队后,利奥三世针对拜占庭海军展开了一系列改革。他废除了传统的卡拉比西安舰队,改革海军支出、创新海军体系、完善海军军备,最终建立了基比拉奥特海军军区。在随后的海上作战中,基比拉奥特军区数次击败阿拉伯帝国海军,并且重新夺取了地中海地区的海军霸权。利奥三世的改革也存在一些缺陷:就海军在帝国军队中总体地位而言,改革后海军仍是陆军的附属;在海军战略上,尽管多次击败阿拉伯海军,但拜占庭海军仍然以守势为主;同时,利奥三世也缺乏对海军装备的革新。

After defeating the invading Arab armies,LeoⅢ,the founder of the Isulian dynasty,took advantage of the Karabisianoi naval rebellion and launched a series of reforms,exerting a far-reaching influence on the Byzantine naval system.As a result,the originally obscure and ineffective karabisianoi Navy was transformed into the Cibyrrhaeots Military district with fixed administrative area,explicit administrative structure and high military capability.Subsequently,the navy of the Arab Empire was defeated several times and the Byzantines regained the naval hegemony in the Mediterranean,bringing them ambitious again during the dark age.However,in terms of the overall status of the navy in the empire,the navy was still subordinate to the army after the reform.As for the naval strategy,though having defeated the Arab navy many times,the Byzantine navy still maintained defensive;Moreover,LeoⅢmade few reformations of naval equipment.