从城市公园系统的初兴与发展看20世纪20—30年代中国城市绿地系统的建设

Urban Green Space Creation in 1920-30s China:through the Induction and Development of Urban Park Systems

20世纪20—30年代城市公园系统作为“现代化都市”的象征,其规划与实施在近代中国城市公共空间的发展中起着非常重要的作用,是近代城市规划与园林建设紧密结合的先行探索,为其后的城市绿地系统规划建设奠定了基础。这一时期的园林规划借鉴了当时欧美城市公园系统的规划设计理论,结合本土城市的自然环境与历史特征进行在地性的实践探索。明确提出了分阶段建设城市公园系统的整体策略,即近期改扩建已有公园、中期新建公园和林荫道、远期建设郊区预留地公园,最终构建起完整的城市绿色开放空间网络,体现了科学性与艺术性兼备且务实的规划理念。同时,尊重本土山水格局、充分依托传统山水形胜进行建设的思路对于指导当代国土空间规划背景下城市生态空间格局的延续与保护等均具有重要的启示意义和借鉴价值。

As a symbol of modern city,the planning and implementation of the urban park systems played a very important role in the development of urban public space in modern China in 1920-30s,and it was the first exploration of the combination of modern urban planning and garden creation to support the foundation of urban green space systems.The garden planning referred to the advanced planning and design theory of Europe and America,which were adopted according to the indigenous natural and historical characteristics.The creation of urban park systems was carried out in three phases.The first was to expand existing parks,second to build new parks and boulevards,and then to build parks in the suburbs.Finally,a complete network of the urban open green space was established.It was the reflection of a kind of planning theory which was scientific and artistic,as well as practical.The planning method based on the indigenous and traditional landscape pattern has a significant meaning and instructive value under the background of current national territorial space planning.