熔盐储热技术的应用现状与研究进展

Application and research progress of molten salt heat storage technology

熔盐是一种理想的储热介质,具有黏度低、蒸汽压低、热稳定性高、储热密度高等优点,因此熔盐储热技术可以广泛应用于太阳能光热发电、火力发电机组的调峰调频、供暖与余热回收利用等领域。目前对熔盐储热关键技术的研究普遍以太阳能光热发电为中心展开,针对其他场景的研究与应用不够充分。在不同的应用场景下,熔盐的工作温度区间、加热方式、关键部件的选择和系统流程的布置都有区别。概述了熔盐储热技术的优势特点与技术关键,总结了在不同场景下的研究现状和最新的应用示范,分析了目前熔盐储热技术需要加强研究的关键方面,并提出了未来的发展趋势与目标。

Molten salt heat storage is a key technology for constructing future neo power systems.Since molten salt,an ideal heat storage medium,is of low viscosity,low steam pressure,high stability,high heat storage density,molten salt heat storage technology can be widely used in solar thermal power generation,thermal power peak and frequency regulation,heating,and waste heat recovery and utilization.However,current researches about this technology mainly focus on its employment in solar photothermal power generation,while its applications in other scenarios are insufficient in study.Under different application scenarios,the working temperature range,heating mode,selection of key components and design of working flow of a molten salt heat storage system are different.The advantages,characteristics and key technologies of molten salt heat storage technology are expounded,the research progress and the latest demonstration projects under different scenarios are listed,and the key problems subjected to further research are analyzed.Finally,future development trend and target of this technology are proposed.