储能技术类型及其应用发展综述

Energy storage technologies and their applications and development

储能是能源革命的关键性支撑技术。在碳中和背景下,储能技术快速发展,其作用和价值也日益凸显。对现有储能技术的类型和发展状况进行全面分析和总结,着重分析了不同储能技术的特点及差异性,并对其应用场景及经济性做了综合比较。分析认为,电池储能的研究重点是引入新储能材料,解决非传统电化学问题。热化学储能由于过程可逆性能耗小,适合长期存储,但需注重循环动态特性、建模、控制造价成本等。抽水蓄能和压缩空气储能技术成熟、储能容量高,适合大规模储能容量开发,但面临选址受地形限制、前期基建成本高、运维成本差异性大等问题。飞轮储能适用于频繁启动和储能释能周期短的场合,研究关键是如何减少转化过程中能量损耗。氢能应用则受存储运输环节及能源转换效率偏低等因素制约。分析可为储能领域相关研究工作的开展和政策的制定提供一定参考。

Energy storage is a key supportive technology for the energy revolution.In the context of carbon neutrality,the fast-growing energy storage technology is playing an increasingly important role in energy industry.Existing energy storage technologies and their development statuses are expounded,focusing on their characteristics and differences.And the application scenarios and economy of these technologies are comprehensively compared.The key to battery researches is introducing new energy storage materials to solve its non-traditional electrochemical problems.Thermochemical energy storage is suitable for long-term storage due to its low energy consumption in reversible reactions,but attention should be paid to its cyclic dynamic characteristics,modeling and cost control.Pumped energy storage and compressed air storage technology are mature technologies,which are of high storage capacity and suitable for large-scale energy storage projects.However,the two technologies are limited by siting constraints,high cost of infrastructure construction and difference in operation and maintenance costs.Flywheel energy storage technology is suitable for the scenarios in need of frequent startup and short energy release time,but how to the reduce energy loss in conversion is the challenge.Applications of hydrogen energy is restricted by difficulties in storage and transportation and its low energy conversion efficiency.The study can provide reference for relevant researches and policy formulation.