非法吸收公众存款罪法益二元复合说之提倡

The Theory of Dual Legal Interest Compound Used in Crime of Illegally Absorbing Public Deposits

《刑法修正案(十一)》在量刑情节、退赔退赃等方面对非法吸收公众存款罪作出了部分补正,但在本罪的司法适用方面,还存在行为人行为性质认定偏差、存款人地位不明、公民财产权难以得到保障等问题。出现以上问题的原因也正是由于本罪的保护法益模糊,在理论上存在多种不同的学说,争议较大,除通说的金融管理秩序外,还包括安全预防说等。为符合《刑法修正案(十一)》对非法吸收公众存款罪的解读,本罪的保护法益应为修正的“二元复合说”,即以保护金融秩序为本,以维护公众合法的财产性利益为基。在现有的保护法益说的基础上应进一步完善制度依存型法益,并对行为性质做出进一步的认定,限缩本罪的适用范围。

The Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law has made partial corrections to the crime of illegal absorption of public deposits,particularly regarding sentencing circumstances,refund of compensation and the return of stolen goods.However,there are still problems in the judicial application of this crime,such as the deviation of the nature of the actor's behavior,the unclear status of the depositors,and the protection of citizens'property rights.These problems arise from the ambiguity surrounding the legal interests safeguarded by this crime,which has led to various conflicting theoretical viewpoints.One controversial doctrine,apart from the general financial management order,is the security prevention doctrine.To address these issues and align with the interpretation of the Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law,a revised“duality compound theory”should be adopted to protect both the financial order and the legitimate property interests of the public.Furthermore,enhancements should be made to the existing safeguarding of legal interests,and the nature of the act should be further defined to restrict the scope of the crime's application.