启蒙的毁灭与救赎:从黑格尔到霍克海默和阿多诺

Destruction and Salvation of Enlightenment:From Hegel to Max Horkheimer and Adorno

启蒙运动是人类历史上具有划时代意义的重大事件,极大促进了人类文明的发展。然而,随着启蒙的不断深入,这条本应引领全人类通向璀璨未来的康庄大道,却越发陷入现代性的困境,呈现出走向自我毁灭的内在趋势。黑格尔虽非启蒙思想家,但启蒙思想是其哲学体系中的一条暗流。在《精神现象学》下卷中,他既在肯定中批判启蒙的“有用性”,也在批判中扬弃了启蒙走向自我毁灭的内在原因。基于黑格尔对启蒙的解读,霍克海默和阿多诺在批判启蒙的同时,还为启蒙指明了实现自我救赎的未来路向。从黑格尔到霍克海默和阿多诺,他们关于启蒙的辩证剖析对于我们今天再次反思与批判启蒙、重构启蒙之路仍有着宝贵的启迪意义。

The Enlightenment is an epoch-making event in human history and has greatly promoted the development of human civilization.However,with the deepening of Enlightenment,this broad road that should lead all humanity to a bright future has become increasingly trapped in the dilemma of modernity,showing an internal trend towards self-destruction.Although Hegel was not an Enlightenment thinker,Enlightenment thought was an undercurrent in his philosophy system.In Phenomenology of Spirit(Volume Ⅱ),he criticized the "usefulness" of Enlightenment in affirmation,and sublated the internal causes of the dilemma of Enlightenment in criticism.Based on Hegel's interpretation of Enlightenment,Horkheimer and Adorno,while criticizing Enlightenment,also pointed out the future path for Enlightenment to realize self-salvation.From Hegel to Max Horkheimer and Adorno,their dialectical analysis of Enlightenment is still of valuable enlightening significance for us to reflect and criticize Enlightenment again,and to reconstruct the road of Enlightenment today.