无菌动物在肠道微生物组研究中的应用与发展

Application and development of germ-free animals for gut microbiome research

近年来,随着宏基因组概念的提出,人类宏基因组学也成为了揭示人体发育与健康的新途径。肠道微生物组作为人体内最大的微生物区系,已经被发现在人体正常生理功能和疾病的发生发展中具有重要的作用。肠道菌群有着丰富的种类及数量,在有关于肠道微生物组的研究中,无菌动物的应用使实验更具准确性,也更加便利,是一种比较理想的基础动物模型,不仅如此,在此基础上发展的模型也对该类研究有着重要意义。本综述就对无菌动物的认识、无菌动物在实验研究中的应用以及无菌动物模型的前景等方面,回顾无菌动物在肠道微生物组中的应用与发展。

In recent years,with the introduction of the concept of metagenomics,human metagenomics has also become a new approach to reveal the development and health of humankind.As the largest microflora in the human body,the gut microbiome has been found to play an important role in the normal physiological functions of the human body and the occurrence and development of diseases.The variety and quantity of gut microbiome are abundant.In studies of the gut microbiome,the application of germ-free animals makes the experiments more accurate and convenient.It is an ideal basic animal model,which is of great significance to the research of microecology.This review summarizes the current understanding of germ-free animals,the application of germ-free animals in experimental research,and the prospects of germ-free animal models to review the application and development of germ-free animals in research of the gut microbiome.