中国现当代小说理论史论纲

An Outline of the History of Chinese Modern and Contemporary Novel Theory

中国现当代小说理论史历经了五个重要的发展阶段:萌芽期、形成期、定型期、转型期、成熟期。萌芽期的小说理论主要张扬小说的社会价值、政治功能、教育价值。形成期的小说理论获得了独立的文学地位,写实小说理论和抒情小说理论两种理论形态基本形成,小说的要素得以确立。定型期的小说理论主要体现为写实小说理论和抒情小说理论获得了进一步发展,左翼文化、马克思主义理论推动了写实小说向观照社会现实上发展,现实主义小说理论取代写实主义小说理论。而抒情小说理论则确立了情调结构、心理结构、随笔结构的理论范型。在写实小说理论和抒情小说理论的发展过程之中,人物理论、环境理论、结构理论得到了相应的发展。转型期则是小说理论独尊现实主义的历史时期,现实主义小说理论得到了充分的发展。而成熟期则是现实主义小说理论、抒情小说理论、形式本体论小说理论、“文化—形式”小说理论获得了充分发展。总体看来,中国现当代小说理论呈现出开放性与传统性并举深入发展的历史态势。

There are five essential development stages in the history of Chinese modern and contemporary novel theory:the germination stage,the formation stage,the definition stage,the transformation stage and the maturity stage.The novel theory in the germination period mainly promotes the social,political and educational value of the novel.In the formation stage,the novel theory gains an independent literary status,and two theoretical forms,the naturalistic novel theory and the lyrical novel theory,are basically formed,and the elements of the novel are established.In the definition period,the naturalistic novel theory and the lyrical novel theory are further developed.Pushed by the leftist culture and Marxist theory,the naturalistic novel evolves towards the view of social reality,and the naturalistic novel theory is replaced by the realistic novel theory.On the other hand,the lyrical novel theory defines the theoretical paradigms of mood structure,psychological structure and fiction structure.Moreover,the character theory,setting theory and structure theory are developed according to the development of naturalistic novel theory and lyric novel theory.In the transformation period,the realistic novel theory dominates and has been fully developed.In the maturity period,realistic novel theory,lyrical novel theory,formal ontology novel theory and“culture-form”novel theory are prosperously developed.Overall,the development of the theory of Chinese modern and contemporary novels shows a historical trend of openness and tradition in parallel and depth.