不同类型甘薯品种淀粉粒度及分布比较

Comparison of Starch Particle Size and Distribution among Different Types of Sweet Potato Varieties

为探索影响甘薯块根淀粉粒大小和分布的遗传因素,选取有亲子关系、有共同父本或母本、同一育种单位放任授粉和集团杂交的品种等多类型、多种遗传关系的品种组合,共13个甘薯品种为材料,比较块根中淀粉粒体积、表面积、数目等分布,分析各甘薯品种块根淀粉粒分布趋势、分布比例的差异。结果表明:甘薯块根淀粉粒体积分布图呈单峰曲线,峰值出现在粒径15.17~19.90μm处;淀粉粒表面积分布图呈双峰曲线,第2个峰值高于第1个,第1个峰值在1.32~1.51μm粒径范围内,第2个峰值在13.25~15.17μm粒径范围内;谷值大部分出现在粒径5.12μm处;淀粉粒数目随淀粉粒粒径的增大而减少,其分布图呈反比例函数曲线。不同品种间淀粉粒分布受遗传背景的影响,具有相同父本或母本的甘薯品种淀粉粒粒径范围一致,淀粉粒分布曲线相似,各峰值均在同一粒径处。具有亲子关系的品种,子代与母本的淀粉粒体积分布和表面积分布相似度更高,峰值都处于同一粒径处,仅峰值高低存在差异,而子代与父本淀粉粒体积分布和表面积分布峰值出现的区域和峰值均不同。综上所述,淀粉粒粒径的分布主要受亲本影响,尤其母本影响较大,在育种中进行亲本选配时应根据育种目标进行亲本选择,尤其注重母本品种的选择。

In order to explore the genetic factors affecting the size and distribution of the starch granule in sweet potato storage roots,a total of 13 sweet potato varieties were selected as materials,which had multiple types and multiple genetic relationships,such as varieties with parent-child relationship,common father or mother parents,varieties free-pollination or group hybridization in the same breeding area.By comparing the distribution of volume,surface area and number of starch granules in storage roots,the distribution trend and proportion of starch granules in storage roots of different sweet potato varieties were analyzed.The result showed that the starch granule volume distribution map of sweet potato storage roots exhibited a single peak curve,the peak appeared at the particle size of 15.17μm-19.90μm.The surface area distribution of starch granules showed a bimodal curve,The two peaks appeared in the range of 1.32μm-1.51μm and 13.25μm-15.17μm,respectively,most of the valley values appeared at the particle size of 5.12μm.The number of starch granules decreased with the increase of the particle size of starch granules,and the distribution map showed an inverse proportional function curve.The distribution of starch granules among different varieties was affected by genetic background.The starch granule size range of sweet potato varieties with the same male or female parent was the same,and the starch granule distribution curve was similar,the peak values appeared at the same particle size.For varieties with parent-child relationship,the similarity of starch granule volume distribution and surface area distribution between offspring and female parent was higher,the peak value appeared at the same particle size,only the peak values were different between offspring and female parent,while the peak area and peak value of starch granule volume distribution and surface area distribution between offspring and male parent were different.In summary,the distribution of starch particle size is mainly affected by the parents,especially the mother parent.Parent should be selected according to the breeding objectives in breeding,the selection of mother parent varieties was paid more attention.