某物流车非独立前悬架K&C特性分析及优化

Analysis and Optimization of K&C Characteristics of Front Suspension on Logistics Vehicle

针对非独立前悬架特性不合理而影响操纵稳定性的问题,采用ADAMS/Car软件建立物流车非独立前悬架模型。分析发现,在K(kinematics)特性仿真中,悬架前束角变化范围为-0.967°~0.413°,变化范围较大,需进行优化;在C(compliance)特性仿真中,悬架前束角和外倾角的变化范围较小,在合理范围之内。故选择敏感度较高的控制臂下硬点x坐标、控制臂上硬点x坐标为优化设计变量,将K特性仿真中的前束角、外倾角的范围变化量最小作为优化目标函数,以加权平方和法建立优化数学模型,利用响应面算法对悬架结构进行多目标优化。优化后,前束角变化范围为-0.507°~0.248°,范围变化量降低45.2%,悬架特性得以较大改善。

To improve the quality of handling stability affected by characteristics of improper dependent front suspension,a model of logistics vehicle dependent front suspension is established using ADAMS/Car software.Analysis of the variation range of the front toe angle of the suspension has found that in the K(kinematics)-characteristic simulation it is-0.967°~0.413°,which needs to be reduced to a smaller extent,while in the C(compliance)-characteristic simulation the toe angle and camber angle vary within a reasonable range.In the optimization process,therefore,the hard point x-coordinates under and on the control arm which have high sensitivity are selected as the optimization variables,and the minimum range changes of the toe angle and camber angle in the K-characteristic simulation set as the objective function.An optimization model using the weighted sum of squares is then established and multi objective optimization of suspension structure conducted using response surface algorithm.The optimized range of toe angle variation is-0.507°to 0.248°,with a 45.2%reduction,marking a significant improvement in suspension characteristics.