河南某煤矿矿山环境问题及绿色生产对策分析

Countermeasures of Environmental Problems and Green Production in a Coal Mine in Henan Province

为综合分析由煤矿开采引发的环境污染问题,提出有效的清洁生产策略,以年产60万t某煤矿为中型煤矿的典型代表,从大气污染、水污染、土壤污染与固废排放4个污染方面,量化分析了煤矿的污染排放,并提出了绿色生产策略。结果表明:NO_(2)、PM 10、PM 2.5和O_(3)是煤矿大气污染的主要表征物质,SS、COD、石油类、Fe、Mn是水污染的主要污染物。镉是污染土壤严重的金属元素,固废主要以矸石的形式排放;矸石周转场和储煤场需要被重点关注,煤的洗选环节是控制污水排放的主要环节;同时这些污染类型之间能够相互转化,极易产生二次污染。因此,源头治理、政策制定、技术迭新与共同治理是清洁生产的有效策略,以综合治理和废物利用的原则开展生产是煤矿绿色生产的必要途径。

This paper analyzes the environmental pollution problems caused by coal mining and proposes effective clean production strategies.Taking a coal mine with an annual production capacity of 600,000 t as a representative of medium-sized coal mines,it analyzed the pollution emissions and proposed green production strategies in terms of four pollution domains:air pollution,water pollution,soil pollution,and solid waste emissions.The results show that NO_(2),PM 10,PM 2.5,and O_(3) are the major representation substances of air pollution in coal mines;SS,COD,petroleums,Fe,and Mn are the major pollutants of water pollution;cadmium is a metal element that seriously pollutes the soil;solid waste is mainly discharged in the form of gangue.The gangue turnover yard and coal storage yard need to be focused on;the coal washing is the main link in the pollution emission control.At the same time,these pollutants can be transformed into other types and are highly susceptible to secondary pollution.Therefore,source control,policy-making,technology update,and common governance are effective strategies for cleaner production.Production based on comprehensive management and waste utilization is essential to realize green production in coal mines.