日本近代文学中的“苦力”意识形态与乌托邦

"Kuli" Ideology and Utopia in Modern Japanese Literature

苦力曾经频繁出现在日本近现代文学作品中,是当时日渐衰落的旧中国的象征,也是沦落为被殖民者的中国人的符号。苦力表象就是在殖民扩张、脱亚入欧的历史语境下,日本人确认身份的一种需要,也是一种日本社会集体想象的产物,更是为维系殖民地经济发展、社会稳定等多种政治意图的需要。在后殖民主义视域下,从形象学、符号学、哲学上的想象理论的维度上,探讨日本作家热衷于苦力描写的原因,以及投影在创作中的日本作家的意识形态是非常有意义的。曾经参加过无产阶级政治运动的北川冬彦、牛岛春子则在固有意识形态基础上,重构了关于苦力的“乌托邦”,可以说意识形态与乌托邦之间存在无法逾越的张力。

"Kuli"appeared frequently in Japanese modern literature and symbolized the declining old China and Chinese people.Apparently,as a collective imagination of Japanese society,"Kuli"met the needs of the Japanese colonial expansion,westernization,as well as the colonial economic development and social stability.It is very significant to discuss the reasons why Japanese authors devoted themselves to describing"Kuli"and these authors'ideology from imagology,semeiology and philosophy in the post-colonial vision.Kitagawa Tohiko and Ushijima Haruko who participated in the proletarian political movements,reconstructed the"Kuli utopia".The tension between the ideology and utopia is insurmountable.