错位的“海国”记忆:论日本当代海战文学

Rewritten Memories of"Maritime Country":A Study on Japan's Naval War Literature

关于日本文学中的“海洋国家”意识,日本学界已做过一些探讨并有所共识,认为日本文学中的“海洋国家”意识较为薄弱、滞后,但在日本当代海战文学的评价方面存在分歧。日本研究者对其或闭口不谈,或予以高度评价。究其缘由,相关作品虽然凸显了日本人在绝境中的强韧意志,记叙了日本人的海洋体验,但亦对日本的“战败记忆”进行了诸多改写,遮蔽了历史真实,如偏重太平洋战争题材,以营造日本与欧美国家抗衡的封闭视野;采用日本海军官兵视角,塑造以日本海军为代表的“理性爱国者”形象,以抵消对亚洲邻国的战争责任等。如此叙事方式与诸多亚洲国家的历史记忆存有深刻的裂痕,折射出当代日本“海国”意识的畸形发展。

The Japanese academic circle has made some discussions on the consciousness of"maritime country"in Japanese literature and agreed that it is weak and lagging behind,while on the evaluation of contemporary Japanese naval war literature is still devided.Japanese scholars either keep silent or highly praised it.The reason for this is that although the relevant works highlight the tenacity of Japanese in desperate situations and narrate specific experiences of Japanese,they rewrite Japan's"memory of the war defeat",which obscures the historical reality,such as focusing on the Pacific War to create a closed vision of Japan's confrontation with Western countries;creating a large number of"rational patriots"from the perspective of Japanese navy to offset the war responsibility towards Asian neighbors.There is a considerable disagreement between such narration and the historical memory of other Asian countries,which reflects the abnormal development of Japan's contemporary"maritime country"consciousness.