基于三点支撑结构的车载液氢瓶热响应特性研究

Study on Thermal Response Characteristics of Liquid Hydrogen Tank with aThree-point Support Structure for Vehicles

氢能具有高能效、可再生、无毒、无污染等优点,逐渐广泛应用于民用交通领域。液氢存储方式在车载储氢系统中具有独特的储能优势,而车载液氢瓶作为液氢燃料车的核心部件之一,其支撑结构设计及热响应特性对于液氢燃料商用车的推广和发展有着至关重要的作用。设计一种连接车载液氢瓶内外容器的三点支撑结构,通过有限元分析方法对该结构进行了传热分析、强度校核及模态分析。研究结果表明:该支撑结构方案可用于车载液氢瓶的内外容器支撑,通过支撑端进入容器的总漏热量为19.6 W,且外容器表面不会发生结霜或结露现象;满载工况下液氢瓶的最大应力和最大变形量分别为299.04 MPa和4.01 mm,相较于空载工况时分别增大了5.37倍和9.55倍;紧急制动工况为车载液氢瓶的最危险工况,针对不锈钢结构和玻璃钢套环结构分别进行了强度校核,证明该结构能够满足实际运输过程的强度要求;该结构下液氢瓶前十阶固有频率集中于41~122 Hz之间,在实际运输过程中不会产生共振现象。

As a renewable clean energy with high efficiency,hydrogen is extremely popular in the civil transportation field.In particular,the liquid hydrogen offers a unique energy storage advantage in the hydrogen system for vehicles.To facilitate the promotion and development of liquid hydrogen-fuelled commercial vehicles,the design of support structures and their thermal response characteristics for liquid hydrogen tank is significantly important.A three-point support structure connecting the inner and outer containers of the liquid hydrogen tank for vehicles is designed.The heat transfer calculations,intensity check and modal analysis are conducted by using the finite element method.The results show that this support structure scheme is feasible for the support between internal and external containers of liquid hydrogen tank for vehicles.According to the calculation,the total heat leakage into the tank through the supports is 19.6 W,and there is without frost or dew formation on the surface of tank.In addition,the maximum stress and deformation of liquid hydrogen tank under full condition are 299.04 MPa and 4.01 mm,respectively,which increase 5.37 times and 9.55 times compared with that under empty condition.Moreover,the emergency braking case is the most dangerous condition for liquid hydrogen tank.The strength check is carried out for the stainless-steel structures and the glass fiber reinforced plastic ring structures respectively.The results indicates that the three-point support structure can meet the strength requirements of the actual transportation process.Finally,the first ten natural frequencies of the liquid hydrogen tank are concentrated between 41 and 122 Hz,which means that there is no resonance phenomenon in the actual transport process.